环氧化酶-2研究的历史回顾与启示

通过对COX-2研究的回顾,阐明了COX-2在炎症增生,及在肿瘤的发生发展中的作用,认识到了COX-2作为肿瘤的化学预防和治疗靶点的前景.并从哲学的观念阐明了在COX-2研究过程的体会和认识及展望,认为用联系的观念和辨证的观念进行科学研究,可以触类旁通,获得更加可靠的证据,更快地得出真实的结论.     

安宁共同照护模式在临终癌症患者中的应用现状——以我国台湾地区为例

梳理我国台湾地区安宁共同照护模式的概念、安宁共同照护模式的发展概况、安宁共同照护模式的功能、安宁共同照护模式团队成员的构成、安宁共同照护团队成员和原治疗团队成员的职责以及安宁共同照护模式下患者的转介标准流程图,分析并归纳医院实施安宁共同照护模式的必要性,同时总结了安宁共同照护模式在临终癌症患者中的应用现状,从而为国内开展安宁共同照护模式的研究与实践提供参考依据,以期推动我国的安宁疗护事业发展。     

肿瘤临终关怀医疗对医疗资源需求和医患关系影响的初步研究

为了研究肿瘤患者临终的医疗需求和对医患关系的影响,我们收集肿瘤死亡病例,研究临终表现、治疗、住院时间及费用。乏力、纳差、咳嗽、疼痛是最痛苦的症状;末次住院平均天数为25．7日;末次住院人均医疗费用12946．428元。结果表明,临终患者治疗的重点是症状的改善,这能减轻患者的痛苦、营造和谐的医患关系。     

移植物抗宿主病与移植物抗肿瘤的处置

移植物抗宿主病与移植物抗肿瘤是当前异基因造血干细胞移植中一对不可调和的矛盾。在解决这一矛盾方面,科学家们已取得了很大的进展。随着移植学、免疫学的发展和认识的深入,最终能够最大限度的削弱移植物抗宿主病,增强移植物抗肿瘤效应,提高移植后患者的生存质量。     

综合医院恶性肿瘤诊治现状与伦理思考

恶性肿瘤的诊断与治疗是当今医学领域的一个研究热点。阐述了综合医院恶性肿瘤的诊治现状,并提出在恶性肿瘤诊治的临床实践中应遵循的伦理原则,目的是呼吁有关部门及广大医务工作者应加强对恶性肿瘤诊治的质量控制和对恶性肿瘤患者实施规范化综合性治疗。     

Investitations of the ongoing stressful situations among those with chronic illness

This paper examines methods of adaptation among those faced with stress from chronic health problems. Studies of disabled older adults and those with muscular-skeletal disorders are described with special emphasis on the role of everyday life events, and the threats to well-being imposed by chronic stressors. Attention is paid not only to psychological distress as outcome of a failure to adapt, but also to indices of psychological well-being which provide evidence of the benefits for those who cope successfully with chronic illness. The paper examines evidence for the proposition that everyday stressors can influence physiological processes linked to disease course. The implications of these findings for social interventions are discussed from community and health psychology perspectives. Editor’s Note: Alex Zautra was honored at the 104^th annual meeting of the American Psychological Association in Toronto, Canada, in August 1996. Dr. Zautra received the 1996 Barbara Dohrenwend Memorial Award by the Society for Community Research and Action: the Division of Community Psychology of the American Psychological Association. This work was supported by biomedical grants to the first author from the Arthritis Foundation, and the National Institute on Arthritis and Muscular-Skeletal Diseases (R01 AR41687).     

人格特征对胃癌发病的影响

使用Ｃ型行为特征问卷、生活事件量表和ＲＢＣ－Ｃ_（３ｂ）Ｒ、ＲＢＣ－ＩＣ、ＲＣＩＡ、ＣＩＣ和Ｃ_３等免疫功能的检测,调查和检测了３０名胃癌患者和５０名健康者。结果表明：（１）胃癌组比健康组在焦虑、抑郁、愤怒内泄、控制等方面得分高,在愤怒外泄、乐观、社会支持等方面得分低;（２）胃癌患者在确诊前８年内有７６％的患者遇到生活事件,在确诊前３年内有６２％的患者遇到生活事件;（３）胃癌组ＲＢＣ－Ｃ_（３ｂ）Ｒ含量低,ＲＣＩＡ含量和ＣＩＣ水平上升。初步结论：胃癌的发生与患者的一些行为特点有关,主要是抑郁并不表达愤怒;生活事件可作为应激源诱发胃癌;其机制可能与免疫功能有关。     

Social Support. Physiological Processes, and Health

Social relationships serve important functions in people's everyday lives. Epidemiological research indicates that supportive relationships may also significantly protect individuals from various causes of mortality, including cardiovascular disease. An important issue is how social support influences such long-term health outcomes. In this article, we review evidence indicating that social support may influence mortality via changes in the cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune systems. These data suggest that it may be worthwhile to incorporate social-support interventions in the prevention and treatment of physical health problems.     

对体液免疫反应的条件反射性调节

以饮糖精水作为条件刺激(conditioned stimulus,CS),腹腔注射免疫抑制剂环磷酰胺作为非条件刺激(unconditioned stimulus,UCS)训练Wistar大鼠,3天后腹腔注射卵清蛋白(ovalbunfin,OVA)抗原,观察再次单独条件刺激对原发性体液免疫反应的作用。结果发现．一次CU-UCS结合训练导致CS组大鼠对再现糖精水产生厌恶反应,外周血中抗OVA-IgG抗体水平显著低于UCS组。两次CS-UCS结合训练并多次给予条件刺激后,CS组大鼠抗OVA-IgG的条件性免疫抑制效应与一次CS-UCS结合训练及再次给予一次条件刺激的反应类同。这些结果证明条件刺激增强了环磷酰胺对动物原发性体液免疫反应的抑制作用．这种条件性体液免疫抑制作用是相对稳定和有限度的,不易受条件反射建立参数的影响。     

儿童难治性哮喘的免疫功能分析

为探讨难治性哮喘不易控制的原因,对我院诊治的32例儿童难治性哮喘的免疫功能状态进行分析。结果显示,细胞免疫功能低下以及高水平的IgE分泌是儿童难治性哮喘难以控制的原因之一,由于免疫功能低下,造成反复的呼吸道感染占全部哮喘发病诱因的76．9％,医生在难治性哮喘的临床诊治决策中应当给予重视。