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991.
Carol Grainger 《International journal of stress management》1995,2(4):197-205
Workplace violence covers a wide spectrum of incidents of aggression that may occur at work. One area of particular concern relates to holdups. This study reviewed all incidents of robbery (holdups and bag snatches) occurring in a quasi-government wagering organization throughout Queensland, Australia between 1990 and August 1993. The study covered 30 robberies, at 28 sites with 34 subjects, 22 of whom consented to complete a questionnaire related to the stressfulness and impact of the event. Most robberies occurred at opening or closing time, at sites situated on a main thoroughfare, predominantly on a Monday. Single males (n =15) or a pair (n =15) mostly carrying a gun were the perpetrators. Nineteen of the 22 victims attended critical incident debriefing and most found this valuable. Only one subject interviewed lost time for stress (and this was the fourth time she had been robbed). One subject not interviewed was hospitalized. Other subjects had minor physical injuries, but suffered emotionally for up to a year after the incident. Recommendations focused on the hierarchy of control (environmental and engineering controls in preference to people-focused change). Additionally training in the normal processes of grief and trauma was recommended. 相似文献
992.
Debra L. Nelson James Campbell Quick Mark E. Eakin Patricia A. C. Matuszek 《International journal of stress management》1995,2(1):1-14
This article extends the organizational entry and newcomer stress literature by focusing on the importance of building a self-reliant workforce. It posits that newcomer socialization now and in the future requires building a workforce of self-reliant managers and employees who can function effectively in a dynamic, global workplace. This article suggests that socializing workers to be self-reliant helps employees and organizations to thrive in the uncertain economic environment that is the determining factor in the success of today's organizations. It further contends that by reducing ambiguity and increasing employability, employees are likely to suffer less distress and organizations are less likely to pay the price for distressed employees. 相似文献
993.
Coronary-prone behavior may be declining in Danish men and women 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Four hundred males and four hundred females were randomly selected from the Danish population and received the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) on two occasions, once in 1988 and again in 1992. The JAS was rated by the standard procedure, providing a measure of the degree of time urgency and ambitiousness (Factor A), speed and impatience (Factor S), hard-driving and competitiveness (Factor H) and job involvement (Factor J) shown by the subjects. The scores obtained for all four factors tended to be lower in 1992 than in 1988, and the differences were significant for Factor H. In addition, gender differences were observed for Factors A, S and J, with higher scores being obtained by males than by females. Age-related differences were observed for Factors A and J. The findings indicate that Type A behaviors have declined during the past four years in the Danish adult population and that different strategies may be required for encouraging health behaviors in men and women. 相似文献
994.
Talma Kushnir Ruth Malkinson 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》1993,11(4):195-206
A stress management and prevention workshop for nonclinical industrial workers using rational-emotive principles with 18 months followup is reported. Twenty-two senior safety officers participated in an intervention program of five weekly meetings aimed at improving cognitive skills and assertiveness mainly by decreasing irrational thought processes. We hypothesized an increase in assertiveness, and a decrease in irrational beliefs, and emotional and cognitive stress symptoms (manifested in somatic complaints and cognitive weariness). Assertiveness improved and somatic complaints and irrationality decreased in the short term. Eighteen months later, cognitive weariness was also reduced. The other improvements were still evident, but not to the same extent as short-term effects. Although the workshop improved rationality, further practice would be needed in the behavioral aspect of stress prevention to achieve long-term improvements in assertiveness.Talma Kushnir, Ph.D., is a social and medical psychologist at the Occupational Health and Rehabilitation Institute, Raanana, Israel, and teaches psychology and health promotion at the Tel-Aviv University Medical School.Ruth Malkinson, Ph.D., fellow and RET trainer and supervisor of the Institute for RET, and teaches at the School of Social Work and Medical School at Tel-Aviv University, Israel. Both authors contributed equally to this studyThis study was supported by the Committee for Preventive Action and Research in Occupational Health, The Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, Jerusalem, Israel.The authors thank Estie Weisberg for her administrative assistance in organizing the workshops. 相似文献
995.
996.
在大多数工业化国家,来自社会的各阶层员工每天往返于家庭和单位之问,上下班的耗时性和上下班途中遇到的阻碍可能使人产生紧张状态,对个体的身心产生一定的影响,因此本文就上下班与个体的身心健康的关系进行了粗浅分析,以期使人们对其有更深的认识和把握。 相似文献
997.
回顾了近20年来军事应激下的有关认知工效学研究,主要包括五部分:基本理论;应激对认知的影响;研究方法;处理应激的方法;总结。其中在研究方法中重点是对已有事故的分析,竞争性游戏和虚拟现实技术。在减少应激对认知不良影响的方法中值得注意的是:对抗应激人员的选拔、对人员的训练和能够对抗应激的人-机系统的开发。对于我军今后类似研究提供了思路和可能入手点 相似文献
998.
急性情绪应激对大鼠行为和脑神经颗粒素磷酸化水平的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
为探讨急性情绪应激对大鼠旷场行为的影响,以及脑神经颗粒素(Neuroganin,NG)变化与应激性行为效应之间的相互关系。以急性不确定性空瓶刺激,建立情绪应激动物模型。将40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为情绪应激组1(ES1,接受情绪应激和旷场测试)、情绪应激组2(ES2,只接受情绪应激)、正常对照组1(C1,无情绪应激,但接受旷场测试)和正常对照组(C2,无情绪应激,也无旷场测试)(n=10)。以旷场行为和高架十字迷宫任务来评定大鼠应激后的行为变化,Western印迹杂交法(Western blotting)测定海马和前脑皮层中的NG含量和磷酸化水平。结果表明:(1) 应激后ES1组的水平活动增加,与C1组比较,差异有显著性, p<0.01;(2)ES1组海马和前脑皮层的NG磷酸化水平高于C1和C2组,差异有显著性, 均为p<0.05; ES2组的前脑皮层NG的磷酸化水平高于C1组,差异有显著性,为p<0.05;(3) 海马的NG磷酸化水平与水平活动之间的相关达显著水平。提示急性情绪应激能导致动物明显的行为改变如焦虑,这种行为改变可能与脑内NG磷酸化水平的变化有关。水平活动可能是反映急性情绪应激的较敏感行为指标,海马NG磷酸化水平可能是预测急性情绪应激所致焦虑或抑郁行为的较敏感生物学指标 相似文献
999.
不同应激范式对大鼠行为和脑神经颗粒素含量的影响 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
为探讨慢性情绪应激、生理应激对大鼠旷场行为和脑神经颗粒素(Neurogranin,NG)含量的不同作用,以及NG含量变化与应激性行为效应之间的相互关系。分别以不确定性空瓶刺激和饮水剥夺,建立情绪应激和生理应激动物模型。将40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为情绪应激组(ES)、生理应激组(PS)、定时饮水组(C1)和正常对照组(C2)(n=10)。以旷场行为任务来评定大鼠应激后的行为变化,Western blotting方法测定海马和前脑皮层中的NG含量。结果表明:应激后四组大鼠海马的NG含量差异无显著性;ES组前脑皮层的NG含量低于C2组,差异具有显著性,p<0.01;PS组的前脑皮层NG含量也下降,但与C2组相比差异无显著性; 应激后ES组、PS组修饰行为多于C2组,差异具有显著性,分别为p<0.01,p<0.05;前脑皮层NG含量与修饰行为之间的相关达显著水平。提示慢性情绪和生理应激均能导致前脑皮层NG含量下降,修饰行为增加,情绪应激作用更显著。修饰行为可能是反映情绪状态的较敏感行为指标,前脑皮层NG水平可能是预测情绪应激所致焦虑或抑郁行为的较敏感生物学指标。 相似文献
1000.
The Chronic Mild Stress (CMS) model for depression has become central to the empirical literature on depression. There are
however inconsistencies in the literature concerning the robustness of the phenomenon of anhedonia following CMS procedures.
We report that not only did our procedures (modeled on the original reports) fail to induce an anhedonia, but in fact led
to increased sucrose consumption. Furthermore, corticosterone levels following CMS procedures were lower than following control
procedures. Given that this is not the first report of such findings, it is important to evaluate whether and which aspects
of the experimental methodology are necessary or sufficient to induce the state of anhedonia. 相似文献