Continuing education in genetics for Adoption workers in Wisconsin

In response to 1982 legislation and 1984 changes in the Wisconsin Adoption Records Laws requiring the collection of a medical-genetic history at the time of termination of parental rights, a continuing education program in genetics was conducted for adoption workers in 1984 and 1985. The education program provided 14 workshops in five locations throughout the state and consisted of a variety of formats and levels of training. In all, 164 participants were trained at least at the introductory level with approximately 40 of these individuals taking part in the advanced levels of training. Evaluations of the training by participants and by a sample of the agency supervisors of trainees ranked the program very highly. A review of genetic history forms completed in post-training sessions verified the expectation that training was beneficial. Trained workers completing the medical-genetic history forms scored somewhat higher than untrained workers and much higher than parents who completed the forms without professional guidance. Medical-genetic history forms completed by birth fathers as part of step-parent adoptions contained little to no useful information about the birth father's genetic background.     

早期成长与发展研究：利用前瞻性的养子女设计研究遗传与环境的互动

“早期成长与发展研究”（EGDS）是一个前瞻性的养子女研究计划。此项目包括了360组相连的生身父母、养父母以及刚出生就被收养的子女。此项目从婴儿3个月就开始跟踪这些被试,现在又加上200组被试,从遗传与环境的关联与互动着手,本项目将研究家庭环境和养育方式如何影响遗传因素的表达。所有被试均需要是在美国国内收养的婴儿。该研究收集了儿童的心理特征、生身父母与养父母的心理特征、养育方式、父母的生活状况等数据,以及唾液和DNA,初步分析发现,遗传与环境的互动在婴儿期就已经开始。本文也从干预的角度讨论了未来行为遗传学的走向     

Vicarious and post‐memory practices in adopting families: The re‐production of the past through photography and narrative

In this paper, we explore how adoptive parents manage and order visual information relating to their adoptive child's birth or foster family. More specifically, our task is to make sense of the ways in which the memories that children have of their past families are (re)constructed and managed within the context of present adoptive parental concerns. Life story books have become a dominant way in which narratives of the child's past family are formed. The aim of this book is to provide the child with relevant information, objects, possessions and images of the past and to create a coherent narrative between the past and the present. Parents are encouraged to make use of visual images, consisting mainly of photographs of birth families and foster carers to order the autobiography of the child. To date, there is no research that has examined how the process is experienced by parents and children. In order to examine how parents made use of visual information in particular, we carried out two focus groups with adoptive parents who participated in an adoption agency support group. A social remembering approach informed the questions asked, and a discursive analysis of the data was developed. The main analytical focus in this paper is on how photographs, objects and places serve as active participants in the production of the adoptive children's memory. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

社交电商中的社交-消费转换机制

社交情境和消费情境之间可以相互转换是社交电商的重要特征, 然而这种相互转换在现有社交电商采纳行为研究中却没有得到应有的重视。社交-消费转换概念的提出很好地弥补了上述研究不足。社交-消费转换是指用户从社交情境到消费情境的转换过程。基于边界理论, 从社群和用户两方面系统分析社交-消费转换的影响因素与促进机制, 有望构建体现社交电商专属特性的新理论, 帮助人们更加完整地理解社交电商采纳行为, 并为促进社交-消费转换提供切实可行的实践建议。研究内容具体包括以下4个方面：(1)社交电商中社交-消费转换的内涵与外延; (2)社群边界整合供给对整合型社交边界与社交-消费转换的影响; (3)用户边界分割偏好对整合型社交边界与社交-消费转换的影响; (4)社群边界定制氛围对整合型社交边界与社交-消费转换关系的调节作用。     

Decolonizing Feminism Through Intersectional Praxis

Transnational feminism should have normative force and be anti-imperialist. This article addresses the possibility of an anti-imperialist transnational feminism in conversation with Serene Khader’s Decolonizing Universalism. Khader argues that the key to an anti-imperialist feminism is separating universalism from the features that result in imperialism, such as ethnocentrism and justice monism. This article shares Khader’s commitment to anti-imperialist feminism and further explores three relevant issues: human rights, the definition of feminism, and economic justice. It proposes a decolonizing view of rights that advocates a critical examination of their uses, applications, and origins. It argues that transnational feminism should engage with issues of economic justice. And it proposes that feminism as an intersectional praxis should include normative dimensions in addition to antisexism, such as antiracism and economic justice.     

Cross-border feminism: shifting the terms of debate for US and European feminists

Recent decades of women's rights advocacy have produced numerous regional and international agreements for protecting women's security, including a UN convention that affirms the state's responsibility to protect key gender-specific rights, with no exceptions on the basis of culture or religion. At the same time, however, the focus on universal women's rights has enabled influential feminists in the United States to view women's rights in opposition to culture, and most often in opposition to other people's cultures. Not surprisingly, then, feminists across the global South have criticized the universal-women's-rights agenda. This article reviews representative critical responses to universal-women's-rights advocacy. The author argues that, taken collectively, these critical responses do not reject the possibility of cross-cultural feminist advocacy but they do suggest the need for feminists in the United States and Europe to focus less on transferring rights across the obstacles of culture and more on how they can revise and expand their own understanding of women's rights in response to the struggles of other women, many of whom view women's rights as organic to their own cultures and as connected to broader social struggles.     

1.5 Degrees Celsius: The Metamorphosis of the AMERICAN Way of Life,A Transition in Collective Maturation

A concept of civil society that stresses civil society's role in working with the state to achieve more inclusive, democratic polities provides the context for examining the implications for transnational civil society. In particular, the author examines how this perspective emphasizes the importance of the paradox that civil society cannot be understood independently of a relationship to a state. After explaining the nature of this paradox, the author discusses the various ways this paradox affects the potential for transnational civil society to contribute to more inclusionary democracies that reflect new processes in the social construction of citizenship.