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121.
Ryan W. Blazei William G. Iacono Robert F. Krueger 《Applied and Preventive Psychology》2006,11(4):230-253
Exposure to many potential environmental risk factors for child antisocial behavior is associated with one of the strongest predictors of antisocial behavior, a family history of antisociality. Because most studies of putative environmental factors do not take into account genetic propensities for antisocial behavior shared between parent and child, the possibility of genetic contributions to these “environmental” markers is typically not evaluated. In this paper, we review research on the environmental correlates of antisociality, their association with parental antisociality, and highlight findings from studies that have controlled for either genetic propensities or parental antisociality. 相似文献
122.
Jennifer Vonk Virgil Zeigler-Hill Tamra Cater Chinmay Aradhye 《The Journal of genetic psychology》2019,180(2-3):103-113
Little research has examined the mechanisms through which adult children adopt beliefs across a range of contexts. Through an online survey, the authors examined belief transmission via the correspondence between beliefs of 837 young adults and the perceived ideological beliefs of their caregivers as a function of attachment, parental behavior, and religious beliefs in four domains: moral, political, religious, and lifestyle. The strongest predictor of belief transmission across domains was the geographic location in which the participants were sampled, with individuals currently residing in the Southern region of the United States indicating greater belief transmission compared with those residing in the Midwestern region of the United States. Women also exhibited greater belief transmission compared with men. Controlling for these predictors, we also found that insecurity was negatively related to belief transmission, whereas authority, autonomy, and religious attachment were positively related to belief transmission in some contexts. Taken together, these results suggest that the relationships that young adults remembered having had with their primary caregivers were associated with the transmission of their caregivers’ beliefs. 相似文献
123.
Aynur Oksal 《Sex roles》2008,58(7-8):514-525
This study examined familial patterns of attitudes toward lesbians (AT-Lesbians) and toward gay men (AT-Gay) by using Herek’s
(1998) short-form of AT-Lesbian and AT-Gay scales. The participants were 116 college students (47 males, 69 females) and their
parents (116 mothers, 116 fathers) located in the West Anatolian region of Turkey. Results point to significant differences
between parents and their daughters, but not between parents and their sons. Fathers expressed relatively negative attitudes
toward gay men, whereas mothers’ expressed similar attitudes toward gay men and lesbians. Sons’ attitudes did not differ significantly
across attitude targets, whereas daughters expressed relatively negative attitudes toward lesbians. Maternal attitudes appeared
to be the most effective predictor for young childrens’ attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. 相似文献
124.
We compared the mobbing response to model snakes of two groups of captive-born common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) differing in genetic relatedness, age and past experience. Mobbing vocalisations (tsik calls), other mobbing behaviour and
attention to the stimulus were recorded for 2 min. intervals pre-exposure, during exposure to various stimuli and post-exposure.
Marmosets in one group were vocally reactive to all stimuli, although more so to one particular stimulus resembling rearing
snakes and modified images of it, whereas the marmosets in a younger and genetically unrelated group attended to the stimuli
but made very few mobbing calls. The parent stock of the first group had suffered stress in early life and had developed a
phobic response to a specific stimulus, which they had transmitted to their offspring. A third group, matching the older group
in age range but genetically unrelated, was also found to be unresponsive to the stimulus that elicited the strongest response
in the first group. Cortisol levels in samples of hair were assayed and a significant negative correlation was found between
the number of tsik calls made during presentation of the stimuli and the cortisol level, showing that mobbing behaviour/behavioural
reactivity is associated with low levels of physiological stress. 相似文献
125.
Steven J. Sherman Laurie Chassin Dong-Chul Seo 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2009,45(2):313-319
This study examined the intergenerational transmission of implicit and explicit attitudes toward smoking, as well as the role of these attitudes in adolescents’ smoking initiation. There was evidence of intergenerational transmission of implicit attitudes. Mothers who had more positive implicit attitudes had children with more positive implicit attitudes. In turn, these positive implicit attitudes of adolescents predicted their smoking initiation 18-months later. Moreover, these effects were obtained above and beyond the effects of explicit attitudes. These findings provide the first evidence that the intergenerational transmission of implicit cognition may play a role in the intergenerational transmission of an addictive behavior. 相似文献
126.
SUSANA NUCCETELLI 《Metaphilosophy》2009,40(2):180-186
Abstract: Some seventy years ago, G. E. Moore invoked his own sensory experience (as of a hand before him in the right circumstances), added some philosophical analysis about externality, and took himself to have offered his "Proof" of the existence of an external world. Current neo-Mooreans either reject completely the standard negative assessment of the Proof or qualify it substantially. For Sosa, the Proof can be persuasive, but only when read literally as offering reasons for the conclusion that there is at least one external object—rather than that the prover is justified in believing, or even knowing, that there is at least one external object. Sosa, then, is a neo-Moorean—though not of the sort we might expect in light of the ongoing debate about the Proof. I argue that Sosa needs to say more about the circularity often thought to vitiate the Proof before we can accept his view. 相似文献
127.
128.
我国艾滋病流行的特点 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
吕维柏 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》1999,20(9):24-25
我国艾滋病的流行有其自身的特点:1.人口多,多发病低,即使以目前的估计HIV感染数30万计,在世界上仍属极低水平;2.传播途径以吸毒为主,性传播为次,二者约为10与1之比,这和世界各国正好相反;3.高危人群HIV阳性率,指性病门诊者,妓女(暗娼)的阳性率都极低,约占0.06%~0.07%。目前我国还是以男性吸毒者为主要防治对象。 相似文献
129.
Learning by “following”, probably a common means by which behaviors are socially transmitted from adults to young in many species, was analyzed. Pigeons first learned to eat from a human hand. When the hand then approached an operant key and pecked it, the pigeons followed and quickly learned to do the same, thereby demonstrating social learning. When the hand only led the birds to the area of the key, without demonstrating the key-peck response, the birds learned as rapidly as with a key-peck demonstration. Birds also learned, but less reliably and more slowly, when they could observe the hand's responses but were constrained and unable to follow. “Following” was also shown to engender very rapid learning of a more complex, two-member response chain. 相似文献
130.
This article deals with the intergenerational processes of adult children of Holocaust surviors. By exploring their level of individuation from the parental family and their capacity for intimacy with spouses, the research findings reveal that: Adult children of survivors are emotionally more interconnected to their parents than are their counterparts (using the MIS). Adult children of survivors have a lower intimacy capacity with their spouses in comparison with the control group. These findings are explained from an intergenerational perspective regarding a post-traumatic population.Received PhD from University of Wisconsin-Madison. Current research in the individuation process throughout adulthood, and the post-traumatic effect of Holocaust survivors. 相似文献