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121.
Three studies investigated how 24-month-olds and adults resolve temporary ambiguity in fluent speech when encountering prenominal adjectives potentially interpretable as nouns. Children were tested in a looking-while-listening procedure to monitor the time course of speech processing. In Experiment 1, the familiar and unfamiliar adjectives preceding familiar target nouns were accented or deaccented. Target word recognition was disrupted only when lexically ambiguous adjectives were accented like nouns. Experiment 2 measured the extent of interference experienced by children when interpreting prenominal words as nouns. In Experiment 3, adults used prosodic cues to identify the form class of adjective/noun homophones in string-identical sentences before the ambiguous words were fully spoken. Results show that children and adults use prosody in conjunction with lexical and distributional cues to ‘listen through’ prenominal adjectives, avoiding costly misinterpretation. 相似文献
122.
When participants follow spoken instructions to pick up and move objects in a visual workspace, their eye movements to the objects are closely time-locked to referential expressions in the instructions. Two experiments used this methodology to investigate the processing of the temporary ambiguities that arise because spoken language unfolds over time. Experiment 1 examined the processing of sentences with a temporarily ambiguous prepositional phrase (e.g., "Put the apple on the towel in the box") using visual contexts that supported either the normally preferred initial interpretation (the apple should be put on the towel) or the less-preferred interpretation (the apple is already on the towel and should be put in the box). Eye movement patterns clearly established that the initial interpretation of the ambiguous phrase was the one consistent with the context. Experiment 2 replicated these results using prerecorded digitized speech to eliminate any possibility of prosodic differences across conditions or experimenter demand. Overall, the findings are consistent with a broad theoretical framework in which real-time language comprehension immediately takes into account a rich array of relevant nonlinguistic context. 相似文献
123.
Susan Heitler 《Journal of Psychotherapy Integration》2001,11(3):349-383
This paper illustrates how couple and individual treatment formats can be intertwined. A conflict resolution theoretical framework structures treatment around three goals: (1) relieving symptoms (anger, depression, and marital distress), (2) facilitating resolution of the couple's conflicts, and (3) building communication and conflict resolution skills. The literature review focuses on why combining individual and couple therapy is often important for married clients. Two Bicycles, an illustrative case incorporating both conjoint and individual interventions, is presented and analyzed with regard to when each format seems beneficial. Ethical and practical issues raised by dual format treatment include potential harm, informed consent, dual roles, confidentiality, and time and financial costs. 相似文献
124.
This study explored the influence of therapist sexuality upon lesbian experiences of therapy, and particularly the influence of marginal and dominant discourses within the process. It is argued that explorations of discourses of sexuality should be a necessary feature of a psychotherapist's training. A postmodern feminist methodology — Bungay and Keddy's adaptation of Reinharz's experiential analysis — was used in the study. This method involved triangulation of interview, literature analysis and reflective diary methods, with analysis drawing upon a discourse analytic perspective. Two sites of contradiction were explored, indicating the possible emergence of resistant lesbian discourses against the dominant patriarchal, heterosexist and homophobic discourses. The study illustrates the discursive and contextual nature of psychotherapy with lesbians. 相似文献
125.
Amy Bentley Lamborn 《Pastoral Psychology》2007,56(2):165-176
This essay explores a parish-based pastoral counseling case with a terminally ill woman suffering from crippling memories
of childhood trauma. The analysis of the case focuses on the mutual influence arising within relational field, the idealizing
transference (Kohut) or archetypal projection (Jung) onto the pastoral caregiver, and the purposeful function of a symbol
which arose spontaneously in the work. Recalling the ancient incubation rites of Aesculapius, the article concludes by suggesting
parallels for illuminating modern approaches to psychological and religious healing. 相似文献
126.
The purpose of this research was to develop a structural equation model that tested the effects of emotional reactivity on
the relational health of a representative sample of 736 premarital couples. We hypothesized that partners’ perceived family-of-origin
experience would be predictive of partners’ reports of their own and their partners’ emotional reactivity. These reports were
hypothesized to predict partners’ reports of their own and their partners’ ability to manage conflict, which were hypothesized
to predict relationship satisfaction. Overall, the model fit the data quite well, with particularly interesting differences
by gender. We discuss the model’s fit within the larger body of literature, the potential implications and limitations of
our findings, and future research considerations.
Electronic Supplementary Material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
127.
William D. Criddle 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2007,25(2):121-141
A growing number of clinicians are making the transition from therapist to executive coach. High-powered executives are exceptionally
receptive to the very straightforward and pragmatic approach of REBT. However, to be successful, even a REBT trained clinician
had best adapt his approach to the executive client. The primary focus needs to be on more effective and efficient job performance,
not on helping the client feel better. Although these executives believe many of the same irrational beliefs as one’s clinical
clients, the REBT coach can effectively illustrate how each of these beliefs contributes to specific job related problems
which the executive had best resolve. Teaching executives to challenge their ideas, then assigning work-related action plans,
usually results in enhanced performance, which convinces even skeptical executives that coaching is a useful endeavor. Coaching
has an advantage over therapy in that the coach can observe their client in numerous work situations (meetings, presentations,
performance reviews) and give constructive feedback, and actually monitor additional progress. It is an exciting field that
many clinicians find extremely challenging and stimulating.
Dr. William D. Criddle, MBA is a managerial psychologist and executive coach in independent practice, based in Seattle, WA,
USA. He is a Fellow of the Albert Ellis Institute in New York City. 相似文献
128.
129.
Schaverien J 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2007,52(4):413-431
Active imagination is at the heart of Jung's elucidation of depth psychology. Yet, in the discourse of present day analytical psychology theory it is not always given the serious attention accorded to some other Jungian concepts. Active imagination emerges spontaneously within the 'third' area--the imaginal or dynamic field--in-between patient and analyst. It is commonly regarded as the patient's experience but I am proposing that, looked upon as the analyst's experience as well, active imagination offers a distinctly Jungian way of understanding some forms of countertransference. I am describing what I think many present-day analytical psychologists already do in their clinical practice but, as far as I know, it has not been theorized in quite this way before. The intention is to exploit the unique contribution of our Jungian heritage by reframing certain profoundly symbolic countertransference-generated imagery as active imagination. In this article these are differentiated from other less complex forms of imaginative countertransference through examples from clinical practice. The point is that such countertransference experiences may activate the symbolic function in the analyst and thus contribute to the mediation of emergent consciousness in the analysand. 相似文献
130.