《周易》:中国传统美学思维的源头

《周易》是中国传统美学的源头。其所奠定的天人合一、阴阳和谐、隐喻象征、直觉体悟等思维方式开启了中国美学的东方传统,成为中国传统美学思维的源头活水。     

英语语音意识在汉语儿童英语单词阅读及拼写中的作用

本研究考察了英语语音意识在小学汉语儿童英语单词读写学习中的作用。对189名小学儿童的研究表明:(1)一、二、五年级在首音和韵脚意识上差异显著;在音位意识上,一、二年级差异不显著,五年级显著高于其他两个年级;(2)各年级儿童的语音意识与其英语单词读写均存在显著相关;(3)控制英语口语词汇量后,一年级的首音意识显著解释其单词读写的变异,二年级的首音意识显著解释其单词拼写的变异,五年级的音位意识显著解释其单词读写的变异;(4)各年级的语音意识对单词拼写较之于阅读都具有更强的变异解释力。可见,小学汉语儿童的英语语音意识与其单词读写存在密切联系,语音意识与拼写的关系相对更为紧密;首音意识对早期读写发展具有重要意义,而音位意识在后期读写学习中的作用更为突出。     

读写分离的脑神经机制：来自fMRI的证据

使用只读不写的繁体字和会读会写的简体字材料, 以默读为实验任务, 探讨“会读会写”与“只读不写”文字的加工脑区。8名在校大学生在磁共振扫描过程中默读呈现的繁体字或简体字, 采用ANOVA统计全脑激活图。与简体字相比, 繁体字额外激活了右额下回、左小脑。在功能连接性上, 简体字和繁体字相同的激活脑区有左楔前叶-左内侧前额叶, 左楔前叶-左中央前回, 右枕中回-左舌回; 不同的是, 繁体字左楔前叶与右额下回有高相关, 而简体字左楔前叶与右额中回有高相关。左内侧前额叶与中央前回只在繁体字中表现出高相关。繁体字和简体字任务的T检验差异脑区包括左颞中回和右顶下小叶。只读不写的文字具有加工的整体性和轮廓性特征, 它的读音与不规则简体字相似, 具有整字加工特点。繁体字和简体字加工具有相同的功能连接区, 但也存在差异。右脑表现为连接脑区不同, 左脑内侧前额叶与中央前回表现为相关性不同, 说明内侧前额叶-中央前回在繁体字加工中起着重要作用。实验结果还证明顶叶是记忆再认的主要脑区。     

语音反馈对汉字高频同音字词形激活的影响

拼音文字的研究发现, 在词汇通达过程中, 语音和词形之间存在着相互作用的共振关系。与高频词比, 低频词能够更有效地引发词形效应。通过2个实验, 探讨了在汉字高频同音字通达中语音激活对词形激活的反馈作用。结果表明, 汉字高频同音字的通达过程受语音激活的反馈影响。在汉字加工的早期, 共享典型部件的汉字之间存在着词形竞争。在高频汉字的通达中, 存在着拼写几率效应, 但对高频同音字而言, 拼写几率效应的促进作用比语音激活的反馈作用要弱。研究结果支持词汇识别的动力系统原则和词汇激活的共振模型。     

Phonological and morphological consistency in the acquisition of vowel duration spelling in Dutch and German

In Dutch, vowel duration spelling is phonologically consistent but morphologically inconsistent (e.g., paar-paren). In German, it is phonologically inconsistent but morphologically consistent (e.g., Paar-Paare). Contrasting the two orthographies allowed us to examine the role of phonological and morphological consistency in the acquisition of the same orthographic feature. Dutch and German children in Grades 2 to 4 spelled singular and plural word forms and in a second task identified the correct spelling of singular and plural forms of the same nonword. Dutch children were better in word spelling, but German children outperformed the Dutch children in nonword selection. Also, whereas German children performed on a similar level for singular and plural items, Dutch children showed a large discrepancy. The results indicate that children use phonological and morphological rules from an early age but that the developmental balance between the two sources of information is constrained by the specific orthography.     

Perceived change in quality of life among chinese canadian seniors: the role of involvement in chinese culture

Although much gerontological literature is focused on subjective well-being, quality of life, and life satisfaction, we know little about this concept in old age among sub-cultural groups. This paper presents empirical data on subjective well-being among Chinese seniors (age 55 and over) living in seven cities in Canada. It asks whether and to what extent traditional Chinese culture, a culture in which seniors have been historically valued as wise and contributing members to be respected, is related to their evaluation of whether or not life has improved in old age. Among a random sample of 2272 Chinese seniors, some but not all aspects of traditional Chinese culture were related to their valuation of old age. In particular, involvement in that traditional culture, return visits to the homeland, immigration due to family reunion, and ancestor worship were significant predictors but differentially depending on whether the overall scale or specific domains within that overall scale was the dependent variable. The fact that differential aspects of traditional culture contribute to a positive experience of aging suggests we must be careful in generalizing to traditional culture. Importantly, ethnocentric beliefs regarding Chinese culture were not related to any domain of quality of life.     

儒道情欲调节传统探析

情绪调节是当今情绪心理学的研究热点。中国传统文化中蕴涵着丰富的情欲调节思想。通过挖掘、梳理和提取儒家和道家两个学派的情欲调节思想,将有助于拓宽我国情绪调节研究者的研究思路。     

谈《疏五过论》的五种过错对当今医生的教育意义

传统的医学道德观认为：“医乃仁术”、“生命至贵”等就是“‘大医精诚”。医者要做到“大医精诚”,就要避免《疏五过论》中医者的五种过错,使患者保持健康的生命。所以,医生要以严谨认真的工作态度,充分了解患者的病情;以生物心理社会医学模式来处理患者;不能急功近利,追求名誉,应常怀仁爱之心建立和谐的医惠关系。医生处理患者的态度及自身的道德修养直接影响患者的健康和生命,这种理念应该成为医生终生追求的目标,这样才能顺应新医改的要求。     

针灸学实践体系与理论体系的独立性——兼论针灸学作为一级学科所具备的内在条件

讨论了针灸学实践体系与理论体系的独立性,以及针灸学作为一级学科所具备的内在条件。针灸学目前还是二级学科,这一地位与其自身的价值和影响力并不相称,也严重制约了针灸学的发展。但针灸学能否成为一级学科,外部的认知只能算是从属条件,最根本的条件取决于针灸学的实践体系与理论体系是否独立于其他一级学科。分析得出如下结论：针灸学从实践体系到理论体系,再到治疗原理的深层次本质,处处都与以中医内科学为代表的中药治疗体系存在着巨大差异,这种体系间的巨大差异性决定了针灸学具备作为一级学科的内在条件。