Basic Personal Values and the Meaning of Left‐Right Political Orientations in 20 Countries

This study used basic personal values to elucidate the motivational meanings of “left” and “right” political orientations in 20 representative national samples from the European Social Survey (2002–2003). It also compared the importance of personal values and sociodemographic variables as determinants of political orientation. Hypotheses drew on the different histories, prevailing culture, and socioeconomic level of three sets of countries—liberal, traditional, and postcommunist. As hypothesized, universalism and benevolence values explained a left orientation in both liberal and traditional countries and conformity and tradition values explained a right orientation; values had little explanatory power in postcommunist countries. Values predicted political orientation more strongly than sociodemographic variables in liberal countries, more weakly in postcommunist countries, and about equally in traditional countries.     

读写分离的脑神经机制：来自fMRI的证据

使用只读不写的繁体字和会读会写的简体字材料, 以默读为实验任务, 探讨“会读会写”与“只读不写”文字的加工脑区。8名在校大学生在磁共振扫描过程中默读呈现的繁体字或简体字, 采用ANOVA统计全脑激活图。与简体字相比, 繁体字额外激活了右额下回、左小脑。在功能连接性上, 简体字和繁体字相同的激活脑区有左楔前叶-左内侧前额叶, 左楔前叶-左中央前回, 右枕中回-左舌回; 不同的是, 繁体字左楔前叶与右额下回有高相关, 而简体字左楔前叶与右额中回有高相关。左内侧前额叶与中央前回只在繁体字中表现出高相关。繁体字和简体字任务的T检验差异脑区包括左颞中回和右顶下小叶。只读不写的文字具有加工的整体性和轮廓性特征, 它的读音与不规则简体字相似, 具有整字加工特点。繁体字和简体字加工具有相同的功能连接区, 但也存在差异。右脑表现为连接脑区不同, 左脑内侧前额叶与中央前回表现为相关性不同, 说明内侧前额叶-中央前回在繁体字加工中起着重要作用。实验结果还证明顶叶是记忆再认的主要脑区。     

四岁儿童的自我参照效应研究

本研究通过两个实验探讨4岁儿童的自我参照效应。实验1与实验2分别采用3(4岁、5岁与7岁儿童)×2(自我参照与他人参照)与2(3岁与4岁儿童)×2(自我参照与他人参照)的混合设计。120名被试对物品进行所有权(ownership)识别并报告"这是我的××"或"这是李明的××",然后将图片放入相应的纸盒并再次报告,两分钟后进行自由回忆。结果显示:(1)自我参照条件下4岁组、5岁组与7岁组儿童自由回忆率有显著差异,他人参照条件下没有差异;(2)自我参照条件下4岁组儿童的自由回忆率显著高于3岁组,他人参照条件下没有差异。这说明,4岁儿童已经具有自我参照效应,同时,随着年龄的增长,自我参照条件下的自由回忆率呈现递增趋势,表明儿童自我参照效应的发展性特点。     

组织心理所有权与工作态度和工作行为的关系

介绍了心理所有权的理论基础,整合了组织心理所有权的基本内涵及其构念,阐述了组织心理所有权与工作态度及工作行为之间的关系：①对组织的心理所有权与员工态度以及工作行为之间具有积极的关系;②心理所有权有助于解释员工的工作责任及其行为;③心理所有权对员工绩效的预测价值还有待进一步验证。并指出当前研究中存在的问题以及未来发展趋势     

宠物犬对"空巢父母"身心健康影响的研究

采用量表法以642个成年人为被试研究了是否拥有宠物犬、依恋宠物犬和身心健康之间的关系。差异检验表明,饲养宠物犬的空巢父母身体更健康,一年内就医次数更少、生活满意感更高。相关分析表明,是否拥有宠物犬与身心健康显著相关。回归分析表明,是否拥有宠物犬、依恋宠物犬对就医次数和生活满意感有较好预测作用。     

“比较治疗学”的原理与方法浅析

重点论述比较治疗学的发展背景和历史、基本概念、治疗方法、以及比较治疗学的发展基础和其对临床医学所带来的影响等。比较治疗学的产生和发展对传统医学以及临床医生来说都是一个严峻的挑战,如果临床医生能熟练地掌握和综合地运用比较治疗学的决策方法去解决临床医学的问题,将会大大提高临床诊疗工作的科学性和合理性。     

也谈中药现代化

中药现代化是中药走向国际市场的必由之路。国内研究已取得较大成就,内容有中药材、中药饮片和剂型的现代化等多方面。但是,也存在一些问题,如对中药现代化的认识不够、基础研究薄弱等,有待解决。     

《周易》:中国传统美学思维的源头

《周易》是中国传统美学的源头。其所奠定的天人合一、阴阳和谐、隐喻象征、直觉体悟等思维方式开启了中国美学的东方传统,成为中国传统美学思维的源头活水。     

The Free will Revolution (Continued)

I seek to reply to the thoughtful and penetrating comments by William Rowe, Alfred Mele, Carl Ginet, and Ishtiyaque Haji. In the process, I hope that my overall approach to free will and moral responsibility is thrown into clearer relief. I make some suggestions as to future directions of research in these areas. I thank Michael McKenna for his thoughtful comments, his generous introduction, and all his hard work in putting this together. Also, I wish to thank J. Angelo Corlett for his very pleasantly surprising decision to do this volume, and for his outstanding work in editing this wonderful journal from its inception.     

Active control as evidence in favor of sense of ownership in the moving Virtual Hand Illusion

The sense of ownership, the feeling that our body belongs to ourselves, relies on multiple sources of sensory information. Among these sources, the contribution of visuomotor information is still debated. We tested the effect of active control in the sense of ownership in the moving Virtual Hand Illusion. Participants reported sense of ownership and sense of agency over a virtual arm in which we manipulated the morphological congruence of the hand and the visuomotor information. We found that congruent active control enhanced and maintained the reported sense of ownership over a hand that appeared detached from the body, but not in a morphological congruent limb. Also, incongruent active control, achieved by adding noise to the trajectory of the movement, decreased both reported sense of agency and ownership. Overall, our results are consistent with a framework in which active control acts as evidence for eliciting a sense of ownership.