认知与情绪过程的脑诱发电位研究——情绪的适应性假说

本研究观测了30名女性被试在月经周期中的不同激素时相对图像刺激的情绪价值的主观评估和脑诱发电位反应。调节刺激的情绪价值的五类幻灯片分别为普通人像、婴儿像、皮肤病人像、男模特儿像和女模特儿像。实验发现只有脑诱发电位的P3成份随刺激的情绪价值和激素的时相而变化。被评为喜爱与不喜爱的图像(婴儿像和皮肤病人像)所诱发的P3波在幅度上均明显高于中性图像(普通人像)所致的P3反应。在高孕激素时相,对婴儿像和男模特儿像的P3反应高于在低孕激素时相对同类刺激的P3反应。高孕激素时相还伴有对各类图像性感程度评估值的降低。对各类图像喜爱程度的评估则随雌激素水平的上升而增高。上述实验结果表明,P3波敏感于刺激的情绪价值并反映了认知与情绪过程中受生理状态调节的适应性变化。     

睾酮对价值加工的影响——基于“累积前景”理论框架的决策行为研究

较多研究支持睾酮和决策中的风险寻求行为呈正相关,但是也有其他的研究未能发现这种关系。基于决策的累计前景理论,本研究使用动态估计参数估计任务(DEEP),结合计算模型的方法,对120名双盲给药、有安慰剂对照的被试进行睾酮对价值加工过程作用的探究。结果显示,睾酮减少了个体的概率扭曲以及增加了损失规避,但是没有引发明显的风险寻求行为,研究结果表明睾酮对个体的价值加工过程产生了影响,使个体对概率的感知更接近于客观值并且增加了对损失的敏感性。     

类风湿因子阳性干扰血TSH测定而误诊为原发性甲减一例分析

对1例类风湿因子抗体（RF-IgG）阳性同时伴促甲状腺激素（TSH）升高,按原发性甲减治疗后临床上出现了甲亢症状但血 TSH 仍很高的患者,进行临床和实验分析,以零 TSH 血清等倍稀释,观察其变化曲线。用蛋白质 G 琼脂糖树脂去除血清中 IgG ,并以缓冲液对未过柱等量血清进行同倍稀释,以排除过柱过程中缓冲液对测定的影响,比较过柱前后TSH 水平,发现 TSH 明显降低,证明 RF-IgG 可造成 TSH 假性增高,并证实蛋白质 G 琼脂糖树脂可去除血清中 RF-IgG ,消除该干扰。     

甲状腺结节的评估

甲状腺结节(TN)是很常见的疾患,在成人中触诊可查出5%,但超声检查则可高达50%,TN的评估重要性在于对恶性结节需及时外科手术治疗,对大多数的良性结节则采取更为保守的治疗方法。近年对TN的诊断方法有许多进展,其中超声检查是第一线方法,超声检查TN如有以下特征时要考虑恶性的可能:(1)边缘不整;(2)形状不规则;(3)实体回声结构;(4)低回声;(5)晕轮消失;(6)微钙化;(7)结节内血流。而细针穿刺抽吸细胞学活检在诊断TN时是最准确和直接的方法。其他有实验室检查(TSH、Tg测定),CT、MRI和PET-CT等。在TN的原发疾病中,良性多结节腺肿最为多见,占60%左右;甲状腺癌的发生率为5%～15%,这需看其年龄、性别、放射线病史、家族史等因素而定。慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎、甲状腺囊肿、Graves病和高功能结节等则比较少见。     

表现为甲状腺结节的甲状腺炎

表现为甲状腺结节(TN)的甲状腺炎有许多种类,包括有慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎(CLT),产后甲状腺炎(PT),亚急性甲状腺炎(SAT),散在性甲状腺炎(ST),急性化脓性甲状腺和Riedel甲状腺炎等,其中一些类型的发病有自身免疫机制。从临床实践看,它们的甲状腺功能有甲亢和甲减两大类。CLT是最常见的甲减并TN的一种,90%的CLTTGAb升高,20%～50%的TPOAb升高,其局部表现为韧性、无痛性腺肿。当出现明显甲减时,应选择使用左甲状腺素治疗。如CLT的TN明显则宜手术治疗,既可减低自身免疫负荷,又可除外甲状腺癌的可能。     

鼓室注射类固醇激素治疗难治性突发性感音神经性聋方法的比较与分析

目前对于难治性突发性感音神经性聋治疗的临床研究主要为鼓室内局部激素的使用。本文通过检索国内报道的相关文献,采用比较治疗学的原理对其疗效及安全性进行比较和分析,旨在寻求一种较为有效、安全的鼓室给药方法,为临床治疗决策提供有效的证据,以提高难治性突聋的治疗效果。     

Psychoendocrine and physical performance responses in male Tunisian rugby players during an international competitive season

The aim was to investigate a follow-up study based on hormonal, physical, and psychological parameters among rugby players who trained during a whole season interspersed with competitions on an international level. Fitness or reciprocally tiredness as well as competitive anxiety were evaluated, respectively, using the French Society for Sports Medicine (SFMS) and the sport competition anxiety test (SCAT) questionnaires. In this study, SFMS and SCAT scores increased respectively over the competitive season. The SFMS score revealed a state of relative tiredness at the end of the season, highlighted by a slight decrement in physical performances. The SCAT score changes are related to the competition context and therefore increased accordingly to the importance of the competition stake. We analyzed the corticotrope and the gonadotrope axis before (T(1)), and at the end of the national and international rugby season (T(2)). Training did not affect the resting salivary cortisol (Csal) levels, but induced a decrease in resting testosterone (Tsal) values, resulting in a dropped T/C ratio. Competition, in both periods (T(1)-T(2)), provoked a significant increase in Csal levels, but the Tsal responses depended on the match stake. Their concentrations increased when the competition generated an important stress and decreased when the psychological conditions remained relatively stable. SFMS is preferentially correlated with resting Csal levels and T/C values measured at 08:00 hr but not with Tsal. SCAT is highly correlated with competitive Csal and Tsal concentrations measured before and after the matches.     

情绪唤醒影响记忆巩固过程的神经生理机制

白鼠和人类都对情绪唤醒的经历有更好的记忆。情绪唤醒影响记忆巩固的神经生理机制主要有以下几种方式:(a)情绪唤醒或急性应激,会引发个体内部应激激素的释放,从而增强其记忆巩固过程。(b1)杏仁核的激活对情绪唤醒影响记忆巩固过程十分重要,杏仁核内部去甲肾上腺素(NE)的释放影响记忆巩固过程。(b2)杏仁核投射到负责不同类型记忆加工的脑区,如海马和皮层,从而影响记忆。(c)应激激素影响记忆巩固的过程中,杏仁核内NE的激活在这一过程中扮演着重要角色。综上,情绪唤醒影响记忆巩固的过程,涉及到激素调节、神经调节及二者的共同作用。     

The role of sex hormones and of 2D:4D ratio in individual differences in cognitive abilities

The present study aimed at investigating the role of sex hormones in individual differences in cognitive abilities. This was achieved by a combination of two methods, reflecting 2 critical periods of hormonal secretion: prenatal, based on the 2D:4D ratio, and postnatal, based on circulating hormone levels. Both methods were tested in 39 men and 41 women, who completed a battery of 6 cognitive tasks. Results showed significant sex differences on the mental rotation task, with men outperforming women. A positive correlation was found between testosterone and performance on the mental rotation task for the combined sample (men and women). A significant interaction was found between sex and estrogen on mental rotation task. Findings also revealed a significant interaction between sex and right hand 2D:4D ratio on different memory tasks. Findings regarding between- and within-sex differences in cognition are discussed in light of the organisational and activational effects of sex hormones.