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171.
Writing about a personal stressful event has been found to have psychological and physical health benefits, especially when physiological response increases during writing. Response training was developed to amplify appropriate physiological reactivity in imagery exposure. The present study examined whether response training enhances the benefits of written emotional disclosure. Participants were assigned to either a written emotional disclosure condition (n = 113) or a neutral writing condition (n = 133). Participants in each condition wrote for 20 minutes on 3 occasions and received response training (n = 79), stimulus training (n = 84) or no training (n = 83). Heart rate and skin conductance were recorded throughout a 10-minute baseline, 20-minute writing, and a 10-minute recovery period. Self-reported emotion was assessed in each session. One month after completing the sessions, participants completed follow-up assessments of psychological and physical health outcomes. Emotional disclosure elicited greater physiological reactivity and self-reported emotion than neutral writing. Response training amplified physiological reactivity to emotional disclosure. Greater heart rate during emotional disclosure was associated with the greatest reductions in event-related distress, depression, and physical illness symptoms at follow-up, especially among response trained participants. Results support an exposure explanation of emotional disclosure effects and are the first to demonstrate that response training facilitates emotional processing and may be a beneficial adjunct to written emotional disclosure. 相似文献
172.
Frequency and pattern of voluntary pedalling is influenced after one week of heavy strength training
Changes in voluntary rhythmic leg movement characteristics of freely chosen cadence (reflecting movement frequency) and tangential pedal force profile (reflecting movement pattern) were investigated during 4 weeks of (i) heavy hip extension strength training (HET, n = 9), (ii) heavy hip flexion strength training (HFT, n = 9), and (iii) no intervention (CON, n = 9). Training consisted of three 5RM–10RM sets per session, with two sessions/week. Submaximal ergometer cycling was performed before the training period (pretest) and after every week of training (test A1, A2, A3, and posttest). Strength increased by on average 25% in HET and 33% in HFT. Freely chosen cadence was only changed in HET, occurring already after 1 week of training. Thus, percentage reductions of cadence in HET at test A1, A2, A3, and posttest, with respect to the pretest value, amounted for maximally on average 17%, or 14 rpm, and were larger than the corresponding changes in CON (p = .037). Percentage increases in minimum tangential pedal force in HET at test A1, A2, A3, and posttest, with respect to the pretest value, were larger than the corresponding changes in CON (p = .024). Heavy hip flexion strength training did not cause such alterations. 相似文献
173.
研究变异性心绞痛患者 ST 段抬高对心率变异性的影响。回顾性分析122例变异性心绞痛患者 ST 段抬高幅度及持续时间对心率变异性的影响;心率变异性与冠状动脉病变及病变支数、狭窄程度有相关性。结果心率变异性在 ST 段抬高≥0.4mv 患者中较 ST 段抬高<0.4mv 患者中明显降低(P<0.05);其在 ST 段抬高持续时间≥3min 患者中较 ST 段抬高持续时间<3min 患者中明显降低(P<0.05);其在冠状动脉狭窄≥50%患者中较冠状动脉狭窄<50%患者中明显降低(P<0.05);心率变异性在多支较单支病变明显降低(P <0.05),单支病变狭窄程度≥75%较50%~75%者明显降低(P<0.05)。提示变异性心绞痛患者自主神经系统受损程度与冠状动脉缺血严重程度,缺血持续时间密切相关,心率变异性能一定程度反映变异性心绞痛患者冠状动脉病变严重程度。 相似文献
174.
Yoga practice is reported to lead to improvements in quality of life, psychological functioning, and symptom indices in cancer survivors. Importantly, meditative states experienced within yoga practice are correlated to neurophysiological systems that moderate both focus of attention and affective valence. The current study used a mixed methods approach based in neurophenomenology to investigate associations between attention, affect, and cardiac activity during a single yoga session for female cancer survivors. Yoga practice was associated with a linear increase in associative attention and positive affective valence, while shifts in cardiac activity were related to the intensity of each yoga sequence. Changes in attention and affect were predicted by concurrently assessed cardiac activity. Awareness of breathing, physical movement, and increased relaxation were reported by participants as potential mechanisms for yoga’s salutary effects. While yoga practice shares commonalities with exercise and relaxation training, yoga may serve primarily as a promising meditative attention-affect regulation training methodology. 相似文献
175.
Tensile tests were performed on precracked Cr–Mo martensitic steel (C: 0.38, Si: 0.22, Mn: 0.84, P: 0.024, S: 0.021, Ni: 0.08, Cr: 1.11, Mo: 0.15, Cu: 0.12, Fe: bal. (wt%)) specimens at various strain rates (ranging from 6.5 × 10?8 s?1 to 1.0 × 10?4 s?1) in high-pressure (95 MPa) hydrogen and helium atmospheres. Irrespective of the strain rate, the tensile strength in the helium atmosphere was 1400 MPa. In the hydrogen atmosphere, the tensile strength decreased to less than 600 MPa at a strain rate of 2.0 × 10?5 s?1. However, the tensile strength increased to 900 MPa when the strain rate was decreased to 6.5 × 10?8 s?1. This recovery of the tensile strength was because of the decrease in the local stress in the vicinity of the precrack because of hydrogen. 相似文献
176.
The Council of Newton: A Pedagogical Exercise for Understanding Conceptual and Historical Difference with Respect to Intra‐Religious Notions of Divinity
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Nicole Karapanagiotis 《Teaching Theology & Religion》2015,18(2):149-158
In this essay, I examine the following pedagogical question: how can we unlock students' mistaken notions that religious “traditions” are monoliths, and instead help them to recognize, puzzle over, and appreciate the complex multiplicity and vibrant set of doctrinal and ritual conversations that characterize religious traditions? More specifically, how can we teach students to recognize these differences with respect to a religion's notions of god? And how can we do so even when students are particularly stuck on, invested in, or trained to see homogeneity? In answer to these questions, I present an exercise that I have used in my World Religions courses. This exercise – which I call the “Council of Newton” (named for the building in which I first taught it) – is particularly effective because it helps students uncover and wrestle with this diversity at two levels: conceptually and historically. 相似文献
177.
本研究对多个测验Q矩阵的相对合理性的比较与选用开展研究,采用Monte Carlo模拟与实证研究相结合的范式,探讨R_square、HCI、-2LL、AIC、BIC、residual、ABS_residual及本研究新开发的BIC2等八项指标在测验Q矩阵合理性侦查效果及其比较。研究发现:八项指标中,除BIC和BIC2两项指标的对测验Q矩阵相对合理性的平均正确识别率在95%以上,其余指标的平均正确识别率不足90%,整体而言,考虑样本容量及参数个数双重加权的BIC和BIC2两项指标的表现总体上优于其它几项指标;各项指标在不同Q矩阵错误类型下其正确识别率也不尽相同。 相似文献
178.
179.
David A. Sandmire Nancy E. Rankin Sarah R. Gorham Daniel T. Eggleston Cecelia A. French Emily E. Lodge 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2016,29(5):561-569
Background and objectives: Anxiety disorders comprise the most common category of mental illness among US young adults. Art making might be one method to help reduce anxiety, but the few studies investigating this have used only subjective measures of anxiety. Design: This study employed both subjective (self-reported state anxiety from the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and objective (heart rate variability) measures to assess whether 30-minute periods of art making reduced anxiety in 47 first-year college students prior to their final examinations. Methods: Students participated in free-form painting, mandala coloring, clay modeling, and control sessions. Results: Repeated-measures ANOVA with post hoc analysis revealed significantly greater pre- to post-session reductions in anxiety for all three types of art-making sessions than for the control session, as measured objectively. Measured subjectively, only free-form painting yielded a significant decrease in anxiety compared to the control session. Conclusions: Given the health benefits of anxiety reduction, further study is warranted to determine the duration of art making's anxiety-reducing effect. 相似文献
180.
Temperament, i.e. individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation, emerges early in infancy; might temperament originate during fetal development? Mixed findings and methodological issues in the literature examining this consideration limit our understanding of the continuity between these fetal indices and infant temperament. The primary aims of the current study were to improve on published studies by (a) using standardized and well-accepted fetal cardiac (actocardiograph) and infant temperament measures (the Infant Behavior Questionnaire—Revised; IBQ-R) (b) expanding fetal assessments to include coupling (the cross correlation of heart rate with movement), and (c) examining a diverse sample to determine if findings of associations between fetal neurobehavior and infant temperament generalize beyond cohorts that are demographically well-resourced and predominantly white. Building on theory and empirical findings, we hypothesized that (1) FHR would be positively associated with Surgency and Negative Affectivity, (2) FHRV would be positively associated with Surgency, and Regulation/Orienting and inversely associated with Negative Affectivity, and (3) fetal coupling would be positively associated with Regulation/Orienting and Surgency and inversely associated with Negative Affectivity. We collected 20 min of fetal data (m gestational age = 34.42 weeks) and mothers completed the IBQ-R (n = 90 women; 60 % non-Caucasian race; 63 % Latina ethnicity). We found that FHR was positively associated with Negative Affectivity but not associated with Surgency (or Regulation/Orienting). FHRV was inversely associated with Surgency but not associated with Negative Affectivity or Regulation/Orienting. Coupling was positively associated with Regulation/Orienting and Surgency but not associated with Negative Affectivity. Our findings, from a more diverse sample and with established measures, provide further evidence that individual differences in reactivity and regulation can be identified in the in-utero period and show theory-based continuity to specific infant temperament constructs. 相似文献