全文获取类型
收费全文 | 409篇 |
免费 | 156篇 |
国内免费 | 40篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 11篇 |
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 11篇 |
2020年 | 22篇 |
2019年 | 23篇 |
2018年 | 16篇 |
2017年 | 22篇 |
2016年 | 24篇 |
2015年 | 12篇 |
2014年 | 22篇 |
2013年 | 66篇 |
2012年 | 14篇 |
2011年 | 18篇 |
2010年 | 17篇 |
2009年 | 27篇 |
2008年 | 9篇 |
2007年 | 23篇 |
2006年 | 17篇 |
2005年 | 16篇 |
2004年 | 12篇 |
2003年 | 12篇 |
2002年 | 18篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 7篇 |
1999年 | 10篇 |
1998年 | 7篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 12篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 16篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有605条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
161.
Autonomic and affective responses to two different stress tasks were measured in 45 males and 74 females, categorized as repressive, true low-anxious, true high-anxious, and defensive high-anxious. Electrodermal activity (EDA) was used as a measure of sympathetic activity and the high frequency (HF) spectral component of heart rate variability as a measure of parasympathetic activity. Contrary to our predictions, reactivity of repressors did not differ from the reactivity of true low-anxious participants. The results draw attention to previous inconsistent findings within the literature on repressive coping style and autonomic nervous system dysregulation. It is suggested that future research could benefit from the use of more consistent operationalizations of the repressive coping construct and from comparing alternative measures of repressive coping within the same study. 相似文献
162.
Variable-ratio versus variable-interval schedules: response rate, resistance to change, and preference
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Nevin JA Randolph Holland S McLean AP 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2001,76(1):43-74
Two experiments asked whether resistance to change depended on variable-ratio as opposed to variable-interval contingencies of reinforcement and the different response rates they establish. In Experiment 1, pigeons were trained on multiple random-ratio random-interval schedules with equated reinforcer rates. Baseline response rates were disrupted by intercomponent food, extinction, and prefeeding. Resistance to change relative to baseline was greater in the interval component, and the difference was correlated with the extent to which baseline response rates were higher in the ratio component. In Experiment 2, pigeons were trained on multiple variable-ratio variable-interval schedules in one half of each session and on concurrent chains in the other half in which the terminal links corresponded to the multiple-schedule components. The schedules were varied over six conditions, including two with equated reinforcer rates. In concurrent chains, preference strongly overmatched the ratio of obtained reinforcer rates. In multiple schedules, relative resistance to response-independent food during intercomponent intervals, extinction, and intercomponent food plus extinction depended on the ratio of obtained reinforcer rates but was less sensitive than was preference. When reinforcer rates were similar, both preference and relative resistance were greater for the variable-interval schedule, and the differences were correlated with the extent to which baseline response rates were higher on the variable-ratio schedule, confirming the results of Experiment 1. These results demonstrate that resistance to change and preference depend in part on response rate as well as obtained reinforcer rate, and challenge the independence of resistance to change and preference with respect to response rate proposed by behavioral momentum theory. 相似文献
163.
Response rate viewed as engagement bouts: effects of relative reinforcement and schedule type.
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
R L Shull S T Gaynor J A Grimes 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2001,75(3):247-274
The rate of a reinforced response is conceptualized as a composite of engagement bouts (visits) and responding during visits. Part I of this paper describes a method for estimating the rate of visit initiations and the average number of responses per visit from log survivor plots: the proportion) of interresponse times (IRTs) longer than some elapsed time (log scale) plotted as a function of elapsed time. In Part 2 the method is applied to IRT distributions from rats that obtained food pellets by nose poking a lighted key under various multiple schedules of reinforcement. As expected, total response rate increased as a function of (a) increasing the rate of reinforcement (i.e., variable-interval [VI] 4 min vs. VI 1 mi), (b) increasing the amount of the reinforcer (one food pellet vs. four pellets), (c) increasing the percentage of reinforcers that were contingent on nose poking (25% vs. 100%), and (d) requiring additional responses after the end of the VI schedule (i.e., adding a tandem variable-ratio [VR] 9 requirement). The first three of these variables (relative reinforcement) increased the visit-initiation rate. The tandem VR, in contrast, increased the number of responses per visit. Thus, variables that have similar effects on total response rate can be differentiated based on their effects on the componemts of response rate. 相似文献
164.
理解评估与成绩预测:两种不同的元理解监测形式 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
探讨理解评估与成绩预测与各种强化元理解监测线索的认知任务的关系。结果发现,理解评估与成绩预测的判断值偏离标准测验成绩的程度受监测线索强化方式的调节;主动强化监测线索比被动强化更能提高理解评估和成绩预测的精确性;精确的理解评估或成绩预测所需的线索不同,利用同一线索评估理解或预测成绩,其精确性也不同。这一结果挑战了元理解监测的一维观,表明理解评估与成绩预测涵盖了元理解监测不同方面的心理特征 相似文献
165.
坚持科学发展观 促进中医药学现代化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
尹光耀 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2007,28(2):66-67
中西医各有短长都不要无限夸大自身的优势。中西医互补整合是现代医学发展的潮流。学术争论不要政治化,科技管理要法制化,学者必须从浮华世态中醒悟过来,重建学者应有的人格和道德,纯洁科学的神圣殿堂。坚持科学发展观,中医药学才有长足的进步。 相似文献
166.
肾小球滤过率标志物应用评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
人们不断探索反映肾功能损伤的敏感指标。Cin被认为是反映GFR的“金标准”,但操作烦琐,甘露醇清除率略低,很少使用。尿素在肾脏灌注量降低时测得的GFR偏低,血肌酐的误差与尿标本的采集有关,血β2MG与GFR呈直线负相关,血RBP浓度的倒数与GFR有一定的相关性。胱抑素C在GFR轻度降低时即可升高,是反映肾功能损伤的敏感指标。 相似文献
167.
168.
169.
Theories of emotion propose that responses to emotional pictures can occur independently of whether or not people are aware of the picture content. Because evidence from dissociation paradigms is inconclusive, we manipulated picture awareness gradually and studied whether emotional responses varied with degree of awareness. Spider fearful and non-fearful participants viewed pictures of spiders and flowers at four levels of backward masking while electrodermal activity and heart rate were measured continuously. Recognition ratings confirmed that participants’ picture awareness decreased with masking. Critically, effects of spider fear on emotion ratings and heart rate also decreased with masking. These findings suggest that effects of spider fear on emotion ratings and heart rate are closely related to picture awareness. 相似文献
170.
Adults who stutter can learn to control and improve their speech fluency by modifying their speaking rate. Existing speech therapy technologies can assist this practice by monitoring speaking rate and providing feedback to the patient, but cannot provide an accurate, quantitative measurement of speaking rate. Moreover, most technologies are too complex and costly to be used for home practice. We developed an algorithm and a smartphone application that monitor a patient’s speaking rate in real time and provide user-friendly feedback to both patient and therapist. Our speaking rate computation is performed by a phoneme counting algorithm which implements spectral transition measure extraction to estimate phoneme boundaries. The algorithm is implemented in real time in a mobile application that presents its results in a user-friendly interface. The application incorporates two modes: one provides the patient with visual feedback of his/her speech rate for self-practice and another provides the speech therapist with recordings, speech rate analysis and tools to manage the patient’s practice. The algorithm’s phoneme counting accuracy was validated on ten healthy subjects who read a paragraph at slow, normal and fast paces, and was compared to manual counting of speech experts. Test-retest and intra-counter reliability were assessed. Preliminary results indicate differences of −4% to 11% between automatic and human phoneme counting. Differences were largest for slow speech. The application can thus provide reliable, user-friendly, real-time feedback for speaking rate control practice. 相似文献