Approaches to Learning and Academic Achievement of Filipino Students

Research has shown that a critical variable in determining academic achievement in different cultures and educational systems is approaches to learning. In this study, the author sought to determine whether this variable influences academic achievement among Filipino college students. The Learning Process Questionnaire (LPQ; J. B. Biggs, 1987) was used to assess approaches to learning. The results indicated that (a) the LPQ was a valid instrument to assess the learning approaches of non-low-achieving Filipino college students; (b) the Deep and Achieving subscale scores of the LPQ were positively related to academic achievement even when the effects of school ability and prior academic achievement were controlled; and (c) with some slight exceptions, the relationship between the LPQ scale scores and academic achievement were génerally similar between male and female Filipino students. Implications for the study of student approaches to learning in different cultures and educational systems are discussed.     

Who Benefits from Couple Relationship Education? Findings from the Largest German CRE Study

In evaluation studies on couple relationship enhancement (CRE) programs, researchers are encouraged to also investigate which couples benefit from program participation. The authors qualified 104 university students to offer an evidence-based CRE program. Up to a 15-month follow-up, the participating couples (N = 234) reported a significant decrease in unsolved relationship conflicts. A 2-day-long intensive training led to better results compared with a weekly format regarding dropouts. Couples with lower pretest satisfaction ratings reported significant improvements over time, whereas couples with initial higher ratings reported no change or a deterioration. Further predictors were identified. The findings should be taken into account in future research.     

Developing the therapeutic relationship: from 'expert' professional to 'expert' person who stutters

This article looks back over the years and identifies some of the most influential thinkers, writers, and researchers who have had a profound effect on the way the therapy at the Michael Palin Centre for Stammering Children in London has evolved. It tracks the changes that have occurred in theoretical perspective, treatments offered, and the delivery of therapy. In particular this author is interested in the changing nature of the therapeutic relationship between professionals and people who stutter (PWS), and describes the way it has developed from the “expert professional” towards a more collaborative relationship that recognises the “expert patient”. It was inspired by a book written in 1902 by Mr Beasley, a person who stammered. After several unsuccessful attempts to find a ‘cure’ he found his own solution to his stuttering and then used what he had learned to help many others. Much of what he wrote was well ahead of his time and reminds us, the professionals, of the importance of listening to and taking account of the views of PWS in therapy and designing treatment that meets the needs of the individual. This article also looks briefly at evidence based practice (EBP) and the issues involved in measuring outcomes that reflect the complex and individual nature of the problem. Finally the importance of the research in developing the knowledge and skill base of clinicians as well as PWS is acknowledged and discussed and the way ahead signposted.Educational objectives: The reader will learn about (1) the early history and development of stuttering therapy, (2) the influence of a variety of psychotherapeutic approaches, (3) the relevance of designing therapy to meet the needs of the PWS, and (4) discuss the role of ‘common’ factors in EBP.     

Whence Creativity?

In this article, I explicate where my theoretical work on creativity has been and where it is going. I describe earlier three‐facet and investment theories, as well as a propulsion model. I then describe my new triangular theory of creativity.     

关于大学生心理障碍干预模式的理论建构

本文在已有研究的基础上,根据大学生心理发展与心理素质的特点和不同心理学派的理论观点建构了大学生心理障碍干预模式,该模式由多维系统的干预途径、多样渗透的干预方法、丰富全面的干预工作内容和完善化人性化的干预机制组成,它们之间的关系既是独立的,又是相互协调和影响的。体现了大学生心理障碍干预模式的系统完整性及实施干预的灵活多样性和明确针对性。     

Tutors’ stories of personal development training – attempting to maximize the learning potential

This paper uses a narrative approach to examine some of the dilemmas that counselling trainers face when designing and running personal development activities as part of a Diploma in Counselling training programme. The research emerges from a focus group discussion by the tutors involved in piloting and evaluating an experimental personal development training programme. The themes examined include: the strengths and weaknesses of unstructured group work; whether structured activities helped quieter members to participate and learn more; how trainers can evaluate and assess students learning in relation to personal development in order to maximize student learning potential. The aim is to invite debate and further re‐tellings from other counselling trainers and practitioners in the field.     

如何导引"儒门道脉同归佛海"?——蕅益智旭对《论语》的解释

该文分析十七世纪蕅益智旭(1599-1677)对《论语》的思想世界的解释。该文首先指出,智旭以无限生命、死生一致的观点作为核心,重构孔门的生死观,再以心学之立场重新解释孔子思想中的“学”、“道”与“天命”三个重要概念。智旭将“学”解释为“心”之觉醒,将“道”理解为“空生大觉”之道,将“知天命”解释为对“不生不灭之理”与“虚妄生灭之原”的通透。凡此种种新诠,在东亚《论语》诠释史上,均有其特殊性,一方面展现王阳明以后以“心”学解释经典的“自由的”学风,另一方面则显示明末三教合一之思想趋向。     

Self-construal as a predictor of communal and exchange orientation in Taiwan and the USA

Based on a three-dimensional model of self-construal (independent, collective interdependent, and relational interdependent self-construal), the present study investigated whether self-construal systematically related to exchange and communal orientation with data (357 participants) collected in Taiwan ( N  = 178) and the USA ( N  = 179). United States participants scored significantly higher on all scales except for relational interdependent self-construal. Females exhibited significantly higher scores for relational interdependent self-construal and communal orientation. As predicted, independent self-construal was related to exchange orientation and relational interdependent self-construal was related to communal orientation. However, in contrast to what was expected, collective interdependent self-construal was only marginally related to communal orientation. The findings for scales revised for validity were compared with scales including all items. This comparison disclosed differences for exchange orientation.     

Is It Necessary to Discuss Person‐Oriented Research in Community Psychology?

A brief overview of the person orientation is provided. It is then argued that research in community psychology, similar to every other field in psychology, has mainly focused on variables, not individuals. Suggestions are provided for how the person orientation can be applied to understanding settings and environments as well as the theoretical and methodological contributions community psychologists can make to further person oriented methods.     

表征影响三门问题解决的实验研究

本实验选取120名大一学生,设计了四种不同的处理,研究表征对解决三门问题及其迁移问题的影响,结果表明:(1)三门问题困难原因有害怕后悔、控制错觉和错误表征问题空间等,其中错误表征问题空间是主要原因。(2)清晰表征选手行为和主持人行为的逻辑关系显著地促进了三门问题的解决,而只有在逻辑关系基础上的频率表征才能够更进一步地促进三门问题的解决,在此基础上概率形式的信息表征没有更显著的促进作用。(3)在逻辑关系分解基础上的频率表征无论对结构相似还是内容相似的迁移问题的解决都有最好的正迁移效果。