儿童道德义愤的发展及其对第三方公正行为的影响

为了探讨儿童道德义愤的发展及其对第三方公正行为的影响，实验1考察106名幼儿园大班、小学2年级和4年级儿童的道德义愤在年级以及数目和价值不公平分配上的差异；实验2考察57名小学儿童在有无代价条件下，其道德义愤对第三方公正行为的影响。结果表明：儿童的道德义愤呈现随年级增长而不断增强的趋势；儿童由数目不公平分配引发的道德义愤得分显著高于价值不公平分配；幼儿园大班和2年级儿童在数目不公平分配中的道德义愤得分均显著高于价值不公平分配，而4年级儿童在数目和价值不公平分配中的道德义愤得分不存在显著差异；诱发道德义愤的儿童更多地做出第三方公正行为，并且更愿意选择补偿受害者；在不同诱发道德义愤条件下，是否需要付出代价都不会影响儿童的第三方公正行为。研究说明儿童的道德义愤随年级增长而发展，并影响第三方公正行为。     

从“自然主体观察”论《周易》经传的书写

传统以来,中国社会向以儒家人文精神为主体,如此虽提升了人文精神,然亦导致后学末流过度重视人的主体性,而忽略经典中对"自然"的书写,及其中蕴含的超越性。再加上西方理性思潮的影响、科技文明的进步,更助长人的主导与支配性格,如此不仅破坏了自然的秩序,无形中也斫丧了人的超越性。《周易》哲学在揭示自然与人类相互间的关系,故前人往往侧重天人的观照。本文尝试以"自然"为主体观察,试图阐发《周易》经传中对"自然"的书写及其与人文、宗教三者的关系与安排。     

Analytic impasse and the third: Clinical implications of intersubjectivity theory

The author examines the notion of the third within contemporary intersubjectivity theory. He utilizes a variety of metaphors (the triangle, the seesaw, strange attractors, and the compass) in an effort to explain this often misunderstood concept in a clear and readily usable manner. An argument is made to the effect that intersubjectivity theory has direct implications for clinical practice, and that the notion of the third is particularly useful in understanding what happens in and in resolving clinical impasses and stalemates. Specifi cally, the author suggests that certain forms of self-disclosure are best understood as attempts to create a third point of reference, thus opening up psychic space for self-refl ection and mentalization. He provides a clinical case as well as a number of briefer vignettes to illustrate the theoretical concepts and to suggest specifi c modifi cations of the psychoanalyst's stance that give the patient greater access to the inner workings of the analyst's mind. This introduces a third that facilitates the gradual transformation from relations of complementarity to relations of mutuality.     

Re-appraising the Subject and the Social in Western Philosophy and in Contemporary Orthodox thought

The notion of a constitutive lack, which formed the ambivalent initial framework of Western metaphysics, marks the contemporary attempt to think anew the social and the subject. While metaphysics had difficulties to justify ontologically the event of sociality and was tempted to construct a closed subjectivity, post-metaphysical thought by contrast justifies often the sociality of a non-identity. The presuppositions of Orthodox-Christian theology allow us to think of subjectivity and sociality in terms of a different ontology, elaborating a new synthesis between anthropology and eschatology, within which the subject can emerge as radical sociality and natal receptivity, as free and true in its very relationality. The most profound and acute intellectual demands of our present time could then meet central notions of the Orthodox-Christian heritage and point at the perspective of a new historical encounter, which enriches both traditions by mutually engaging to each others fundamental experiences     

角膜屈光手术治疗的综合启示

角膜屈光手术是近年发展起来的治疗屈光不正的重要技术。已应用于临床,并取得了令人鼓舞的结果。尤其是准分子激光的实时扫描跟踪技术,并辅之眼前段成像系统与波前相差技术的一体化,极大提高了手术疗效。纵观其发展过程,认识到角膜屈光手术的发展是多学科联合发展的结果。     

我国中学语文和历史教学目标分类取向的研究

本研究采用文献研究法,查阅了2000年以来中学语文和历史教案共303篇,对教案中教学目标的相关信息作点计数据处理,并进行卡方检验,结果表明:⒈近几年来我国中学语文和历史教学绝大多数采用布卢姆的教育目标分类取向;⒉两者的教学目标侧重于认知领域;⒊两者在认知和情感领域的目标要求学生达到的水平偏低,在动作技能领域的目标要求学生达到的水平偏高;⒋中学历史教学目标中对动作技能领域的理解有偏差;⒌两者在认知和情感领域的教学目标陈述时用词单一或含糊,而动作技能领域教学目标的陈述较清晰。研究结果提示,提高广大一线教师有关教学目标的分类理论及科学地运用教学目标的陈述技术仍有很长的路要走。     

儿童能力自我知觉的影响因素概述

该文在综合大量实证研究成果的基础上,全面概括并细致分析了影响儿童能力自我知觉发展与表现的三方面主要因素,即1)主体因素,包括能力概念、认知发展水平、需要动机及相关经验等;2)教育环境;3)任务性质。     

论主客二分的心理学研究范式

本文考察了主客二分研究范式的内涵、发展脉络与历史地位。作者认为,主客二分研究范式张扬着心理学的自然科学定向,体现的是人作为自然物的形象,展示的是将人的心理、行为视作“现象”,试图以实证方法揭示人的心理、行为规律的“外观心理学”境界。它和主客同一研究范式均可在未来心理学中获得各自合理存在的空间。