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361.
Our premise is that ethics is the essence of good forensic practice and that mental health professionals must adhere to the ethical principles, standards, and guidelines of their professional bodies when they communicate their findings and opinions. We demonstrate that adhering to ethical principles can improve the quality of forensic reports and communications. We demonstrate this by focusing on the most basic principles that underlie professional ethical standards and guidelines, namely, Fidelity and Responsibility, Integrity, Respecting Rights and Dignity of Persons, and Justice and Fairness. For each principle we offer a brief definition and explain its demands. Then we identify ways in which the principle can guide the organization, content, or style of forensic mental health report writing, offering illustrative examples that demonstrate or abuse the principle. 相似文献
362.
Genia Schönbaumsfeld 《Metaphilosophy》2016,47(3):431-448
According to “disjunctivist neo‐Mooreanism”—a position Duncan Pritchard develops in a recent book—it is possible to know the denials of radical sceptical hypotheses, even though it is conversationally inappropriate to claim such knowledge. In a recent paper, on the other hand, Pritchard expounds an “überhinge” strategy, according to which one cannot know the denials of sceptical hypotheses, as “hinge propositions” are necessarily groundless. The present article argues that neither strategy is entirely successful. For if a proposition can be known, it can also be claimed to be known. If the latter is not possible, this is not because certain propositions are either “intrinsically” conversationally inappropriate (as Pritchard claims in his book) or else “rationally groundless” (as Pritchard claims in his paper), but rather that we are dealing with something that merely presents us with the appearance of being an epistemic claim. 相似文献
363.
何权瀛 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2011,32(2):1-3
肝癌的现代治疗原则已从单一的外科手术切除发展为多学科参与、多技术应用、多阶段序贯的综合治疗。但是,这一理念还远没有成为肝癌临床实践中一以贯之的追求,相关学科之间缺乏经常性的、实质性的、富有成效的合作。其深层次的原因,是医师们专业越来越细化,仅仅从各自专业的视角看肝癌,缺乏哲学层面的深度思考。本文分别从医学本质、肝脏在人... 相似文献
364.
胸腰段爆裂性骨折是最常见的脊柱损伤之一,而手术治疗是其主要的治疗方式,选择最优的手术路径、做出最佳的临床抉择,是其治疗的首要目标。本文对胸腰段爆裂性骨折的不同手术入路方式及其特点做了比较和探讨,认为以最优化为原则,选择一期后路小切口有限减压的手术方式,是治疗胸腰段爆裂性骨折的最佳手术策略。 相似文献
365.
366.
本文通过对朱熹<易学启蒙>的分析,考察作为象数易学和义理易学的基础的先天易学和后天易学的基本原理和相互关系,由此进一步研究作为象数易学和义理易学的共同基础的"理"的意味.朱熹的易学不是在象数和义理哪一个的立场上对两种易学的综合,而是试图确立易学的基础,进而把对理的意味的系统的解释和说明作为最终目标. 相似文献
367.
There is much debate over the degree to which language learning is governed by innate language-specific biases, or acquired through cognition-general principles. Here we examine the probabilistic language acquisition hypothesis on three levels: We outline a novel theoretical result showing that it is possible to learn the exact generative model underlying a wide class of languages, purely from observing samples of the language. We then describe a recently proposed practical framework, which quantifies natural language learnability, allowing specific learnability predictions to be made for the first time. In previous work, this framework was used to make learnability predictions for a wide variety of linguistic constructions, for which learnability has been much debated. Here, we present a new experiment which tests these learnability predictions. We find that our experimental results support the possibility that these linguistic constructions are acquired probabilistically from cognition-general principles. 相似文献
368.
It has been well documented how language-specific cues may be used for word segmentation. Here, we investigate what role a language-independent phonological universal, the sonority sequencing principle (SSP), may also play. Participants were presented with an unsegmented speech stream with non-English word onsets that juxtaposed adherence to the SSP with transitional probabilities. Participants favored using the SSP in assessing word-hood, suggesting that the SSP represents a potentially powerful cue for word segmentation. To ensure the SSP influenced the segmentation process (i.e., during learning), we presented two additional groups of participants with either (a) no exposure to the stimuli prior to testing or (b) the same stimuli with pauses marking word breaks. The SSP did not influence test performance in either case, suggesting that the SSP is important for word segmentation during the learning process itself. Moreover, the fact that SSP-independent segmentation of the stimulus occurred (in the latter control condition) suggests that universals are best understood as biases rather than immutable constraints on learning. 相似文献
369.
Redundancy analysis an alternative for canonical correlation analysis 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Arnold L. van den Wollenberg 《Psychometrika》1977,42(2):207-219
A component method is presented maximizing Stewart and Love's redundancy index. Relationships with multiple correlation and principal component analysis are pointed out and a rotational procedure for obtaining bi-orthogonal variates is given. An elaborate example comparing canonical correlation analysis and redundancy analysis on artificial data is presented.A Fortran IV program for the method of redundancy analysis described in this paper can be obtained from the author upon request. 相似文献
370.
Raymond Bisdorff 《Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis》2013,20(1-2):3-12
We introduce a bipolarly extended veto principle—a positive, as well as negative, large performance differences polarization—which allows us to extend the definition of the classical outranking relation in such a way that the identity between its asymmetric part and its codual relation is preserved. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献