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841.
It is demonstrated that the squared multiple correlation of a variable with the remaining variables in a set of variables is a function of the communalities and the squared canonical correlations between the observed variables and common factors. This equation is shown to imply a strict inequality between the squared multiple correlation and communality. 相似文献
842.
Using a sample of 556 adolescents from a suburban community, patterns of various adolescent problem behaviors (e.g., delinquent
behavior, smoking, use of alcohol or drugs) and their links to self-efficacy, social competence, and life events were examined.
Cluster analysis was conducted to identify four subgroups of adolescents who showed distinct patterns of problem behaviors.
These clusters were compared on the measures of self-efficacy, social competence, and life events. Overall results suggest
there are meaningful links between adolescents’ problem behavior patterns and self-efficacy, the amount and quality of participation
in various after school activities, and life events. For example, a subgroup of adolescents who showed uniformly low prevalence
of all problem behaviors reported more positive academic self-efficacy, more active participation in sports and nonsports
activities, more positive life events, and fewer negative events than adolescents who were involved in multiple problem behaviors.
Implications for prevention and future research on adolescent problem behaviors are discussed. 相似文献
843.
M. Cristina Benedetto Robert D. Kerns Roberta Rosenberg Matthew M. Burg Katherine Westgate 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》1998,5(4):441-447
This paper reports the findings of a behavioral health risk screening form and examines the interrelationships among behavioral risk factors and health care utilization. Participants were 1,000 veterans who completed a brief self-report questionnaire assessing affective distress and behavioral health risk factors while they waited to see their primary care provider. Participants reported a mean level of affective distress in the mild range on a scale of 0 to 20 (M = 6.4, SD = 4.95), and 22.4% reported moderate or high levels of affective distress. Fifty percent of the sample denied alcohol use; 5% of the men and none of the women reported a pattern of use that met established criteria for at-risk drinking. Twenty-six percent of the sample reported current tobacco use, 45% acknowledged concerns about diet and/or weight, and 54% reported concern about pain. These factors were largely significantly intercorrelated and several were related to indices of health care utilization. It was concluded that veterans receiving health care in primary care settings report significant levels of affective distress and other health risk behaviors and that the presence of these factors is associated with increased use of the health care system. These data encourage increased efforts to identify these factors and to develop behavior change interventions. 相似文献
844.
“大五”个性因素模型在工作情景中的效度分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
“大五”个性因素模型是目前一种个性分类理论模型 ,它以外向、情绪稳定性、责任意识、随和、开明性等五个因素来描述正常人群的个性特征。本文探讨了在工作情境中运用“大五”模型预测工作绩效 (个体 /团队 )的效度问题。大量的研究表明 ,责任意识能在不同的职业中用来预测个体工作绩效 ;“大五”因素能有效地预测周边绩效 ,但并不是所有的个性因素都能预测任务绩效 ;团队成员的个性组成对团队绩效有显著影响 ;个性与绩效间的关系受到缓冲变量的影响。 相似文献
845.
银屑病发病的心理社会因素及危险因素间关系的探讨——非条件Logistic回归分析和通径分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对97例寻常型银屑病患者以及71例皮肤科对照组患者进行了成组病例对照性研究。相对危险度分析从36个研究因素中筛选出14项可疑危险因素;非条件Logistic回归分析提示其中8项因素有明显的致病意义;结合专业知识,对这8项危险因素进行通径分析。研究结果表明,银屑病发病是多因素综合作用的结果,心理社会危险因素通过直接或/和间接(联合)作用,影响致病过程。经通径图将各因素的作用大小、作用形式及协同作用关系较直观地描绘出来。 相似文献
846.
This paper calls for consideration of a new class of preventive interventions designed explicitly to prevent comorbidity of psychiatric disorders. Epidemiologic data show that successful interventions of this type could be extremely valuable, as up to half of lifetime psychiatric disorders and an even larger percent of chronic and seriously impairing disorders occur to people with a prior history of some other disorder. Furthermore, a review of etiologic hypotheses concerning the causes of comorbidity suggests that interventions aimed at primary prevention of secondary disorders might be feasible. However, more basic risk factor research is needed on the causes of comorbidity before we can make a clear assessment of feasibility and discover promising intervention targets. A number of methodological problems arise in carrying out this type of formative research. These problems are reviewed and suggestions are offered for solutions involving innovations in measurement, design, and data analysis. 相似文献
847.
Pain: Biopsychosocial Mechanisms and Management 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Francis J. Keefe & Christopher R. France 《Current directions in psychological science》1999,8(5):137-141
Traditionally, pain has been viewed as a sensory event warning of tissue damage or illness. This explanation fails to account for many of the experiences of people suffering from clinically painful conditions. Over the past two decades, a new biopsychosocial perspective on pain has emerged. This perspective emphasizes that pain is a dynamic process that not only is influenced by biological, psychological, and social mechanisms of pain, but also produces biological, psychological, and social changes that can affect future responses to pain. This review presents findings from recent studies of the biological, psychological, and social mechanisms of pain and discusses the implications of these findings for pain research, assessment, prevention, and treatment, as well as for health care policy. 相似文献
848.
Craig A. Mason Derek A. Chapman Keith G. Scott 《American journal of community psychology》1999,27(3):357-381
Epidemiological methodology is used to examine the relationship between early childhood risk factors and future identification as having a Severe Emotional Disturbance or as having an Emotional Handicap (SED/EH) at age 13. Data were obtained from 1979/1980 Florida birth records that were electronically linked with 1992/1993 Florida school records. An epidemiological perspective was chosen due to its ability to model both individual and community-level risk. In regards to increasing an individual's risk of SED/EH, two factors, gender (being male) and low maternal education (mother not completing high school at the time of the child's birth), were found to have particularly strong effects. When examining effects of these risk factors upon overall rates of SED/EH in the community, maternal education and marital status (being unmarried at the time of the child's birth) were associated with a large proportion of the cases. Health/biological markers were moderately associated with SED/EH on the individual level, but were related to a relatively small percentage of cases in the population. In addition, effects varied based upon ethnic/cultural heritage. Researchers are encouraged to consider using an epidemiological perspective and its potential utility in the field of community psychology and public policy is discussed. 相似文献
849.
850.