自恋型人格的理论模型与神经生理机制

自恋作为一种人格特质, 核心特征是具有夸张和膨胀的自我观点。当前研究将自恋型人格与不同的自我特征相联系, 这些特征包括了夸张性、崇拜的需要、自我中心和高自尊、情感共情缺乏和述情障碍, 研究表明自恋的夸张性和崇拜需要源自扭曲的自我观点和自我提升。当前研究发现额中回、内侧前额叶皮层、眶额叶皮层、揳前叶和前脑岛与自我提升和自我评估有关。前脑岛、右背外侧前额叶皮层和右侧后扣带回皮层与共情缺失有关。未来研究应注重将遗传学、电生理学、生物化学、脑成像等技术的结合, 构建自恋型人格形成的神经生理模型。     

从传统针灸学到现代针灸学——针灸现代化50年之回顾

现代针灸学的理论基础不同于传统针灸学,前者是以运用现代科学技术、方法对相关问题的研究所获取的现代科学意义上的规律作为指导理论,机理的阐明完全立足于现代科学意义的相关知识体系,并以神经一内分泌一免疫网络学说及针灸效应的四大规律为该体系的理论核心;而传统针灸学则是以阴阳五行学说、脏腑气血学说、经络学说等为基本理论;在临床上,现代针灸学充分利用现代诊疗技术和方法,以辨病为主导,针刺手法注重的是强弱刺激与针刺效应的关系;而传统针灸学则是借助四诊八纲以辨证为主导,针刺手法强调的是补泻。     

多维范式下神经组织行为学的哲学基础、理论框架和研究方法

神经组织行为学是指通过探究组织现象背后的生物学运作机理, 从神经生理视角发展并重构组织行为学框架的新兴多领域交叉学科。多维范式下的神经组织行为学包括从还原论到涌现论的哲学基础, 基于社会情境认知理论、跨层次研究和逆向推理的理论框架, 以及神经成像法和ANS测量法并行的研究方法。未来研究应注意神经组织行为学可能给组织理论带来的变革, 以及研究方法的未来走向。     

领导幽默的影响效果及其理论解释

领导幽默(leader humor), 作为一种有效的管理工具和手段, 近年来受到了理论界和实务界的广泛关注。在回顾领导幽默概念的基础上, 深入探究了领导幽默的影响效果及其作用机制, 总结发现领导幽默相关研究主要围绕七种视角展开, 分别是关系过程视角、社会交换理论、社会信息加工理论、关系认同视角、积极情绪视角、压力释放视角以及领导风格类型视角。未来研究应基于互动和结构的视角探讨领导幽默的影响效果以及基于社会信息加工理论关注领导幽默的作用机制。     

Hintikka’s Logical Revolution

Hintikka thinks that second-order logic is not pure logic, and because of Gödel’s incompleteness theorems, he suggests that we should liberate ourselves from the mistaken idea that first-order logic is the foundational logic of mathematics. With this background he introduces his independence friendly logic (IFL). In this paper, I argue that approaches taking Hintikka’s IFL as a foundational logic of mathematics face serious challenges. First, the quantifiers in Hintikka’s IFL are not distinguishable from Linström’s general quantifiers, which means that the quantifiers in IFL involve higher order entities. Second, if we take Wright’s interpretation of quantifiers or if we take Hale’s criterion for the identity of concepts, Quine’s thesis that second-order logic is set theory will be rejected. Third, Hintikka’s definition of truth itself cannot be expressed in the extension of language of IFL. Since second-order logic can do what IFL does, the significance of IFL for the foundations of mathematics is weakened.     

对"心理学危机论"的思考

对当前心理学界存在的心理发展的多种危机论进行了分析,认为,心理学的危机并非源于当前的心理学科本身,而在于心理学者的主观认识和实际工作中。要改变心理学发展缓慢的现状,必须打破心理学者之间过分独立的学术研究活动和学术交流活动,消除存在于心理学者之间的成见,找寻存在于心理学自身和存在于社会需求中的发展机遇．     

梁漱溟的"人类心理学"及其理论意义

通过对以华生、郭任远为代表的行为主义心理学在研究对象和研究方法观点上的批判,梁漱溟建立了自己的一套理论体系－－“人类心理学”。它是儒家心性论的“现代版”,同时又是一种人性论。该理论体系产生于二十世纪二十年代,在心理学史和伦理学史上都具有重要的理论意义。     

A cacophony of theories: contributions towards a story-based understanding of analytic treatments

The article addresses problems associated with analytic formulations from the founders of psychoanalysis, including C. G. Jung. Although no longer able to claim a scientific basis for these theoretical constructs, analytic practitioners still use this outdated terminology when presenting their work with patients. By now there is a cacophony of theories often concealing rather than explaining. Denial of loneliness, notions of special knowledge, and idealization of the 'The Founder' seem to perpetuate formulations which no longer carry a clear meaning. The article explores three proposals for describing analytic treatments based on the works of the psychoanalyst Roy Schafer and the cognitive psychologist Roger Schank: analytic attitudes, therapeutic narratives and specific treatment perspectives. The first addresses findings from psychotherapy research about the centrality of analytic attitudes. The second applies the findings about story-based memory and narratives to therapy relationships, and the third takes note of the fact that analytic attention often is more complex than can be described with terms such as transference/countertransference.     

Toward an Integrative Theoretical Basis for Training Psychotherapists

The purpose of this paper is to describe a training program for integrative psychotherapy that is based on an as-yet-nonexistent integrative theory of psychotherapy. It is therefore to be considered a thought experiment. A partially integrative theory of psychotherapy is presented—a work in progress—which is used as the basis for planning a 3-year postdoctoral training program for advanced psychotherapists. The curriculum would include (1) several courses on specific pure-form therapies, (2) core courses in the integrative theory, (3) courses on the application of the integrative theory to a number of different classes of mental disorder, (4) a year of practicum during which the student therapist applies the integrative treatment to a substantial number of patients under supervision, and (5) a year-long internship-like experience during which the treatment will be applied to a much larger base of patients. Students would also attend a therapy-like group to explore feelings regarding the conduct of this therapy and a second case conference group to discuss their cases.     

当前积极心理学变革的新趋向及理论价值

近20年来西方积极心理学以其独特的研究视角曾经吸引过全球人的目光,被誉为是理论心理学研究的一个新的重要方向。积极心理学主要围绕着“一个中心三个支撑点” 来开展相关的研究,即以主观幸福感为中心,以积极体验、积极人格、积极社会制度为支撑点。在强硬的现实面前,具有“理想主义情怀”的积极心理学也面临着许多困境与挑战。近年来西方一些学者正在寻求突破积极心理学的瓶颈性因素,围绕着“美德、意义、韧性和幸福”这四大支柱打造新的版本,促进积极心理学理论研究的可持续发展和升级换代。