Husserl’s Intercultural Implication of Ethical Renewal and Theoretical Rationality: A Reappraisal from an East Asian Perspective

In the Kaizo articles, written between 1922 and 1924, Husserl touched on the intercultural relationship between “the European” and “the non-European.” Husserl addressed Japan as he dealt with ethical and cultural renewal in his Kaizo articles. Husserl wished to spread the European spiritual gestalt, which he comprehended as a universal theoretical rationality to remote cultures. At that time, Husserl imagined China as unfamiliar and remote. He even used China as a typical example of alienworld when he dealt with the problem of cultural difference. This paper reappraises Husserl’s thesis by exploring Eurocentrism as a factor that might impede the willingness for non-Western or non-European cultures to accept the idea of European spiritual gestalt. This paper suggests that the non-Western or non-European cultures should take delight in learning from Europe and carry out what Husserl had in mind about the meaning of “renewal.”     

略论安详心态及其伦理意蕴

安详是一种具有统一和谐、宁静安适和明澈透悟三重特征的至善至美的心态,它是幸福的重要内容,也是使人获得幸福所需要的各种条件,并从中真正得到幸福体验的有效保证。     

社会心理服务体系建设评价指标体系构建

构建科学系统的社会心理服务体系建设评价指标,为精准评价和完善社会心理服务体系建设提供量化参考依据。通过文献政策分析、质性访谈、德尔菲专家咨询法构建并筛选一、二、三级指标,采用层次分析法进行权重计算。结果,通过文献政策分析初步形成6个一级指标、18个二级指标、58个三级指标的原始指标池;通过质性访谈补充1个二级指标,22个三级指标;通过两轮德尔菲专家咨询筛选指标并确定权重,专家积极系数为90%,专家的权威系数为0.89,其中判断依据为0.93,熟悉程度为0.85,最终形成精确的社会心理服务体系建设评价指标体系,包括一级指标6个、二级指标19个、三级指标60个。社会心理服务体系建设评价指标体系紧密结合国家政策要求,构建过程科学严谨,层次清晰,可操作性强,适用于省、市、区县三级阶段性考核和评价。

     

医生身份建构影响因素的质性分析

运用Nvivo12 Plus软件,通过对25名医生、6.8万字访谈资料三级编码的分析,发现影响医生身份建构的6个因素是：医生人格、身份认同、职业认知、职业成长、职业能力和职业压力。健全的性格心理是医生身份建构的人格要求;高度的身份认同是医生身份建构的心理基础;深刻的职业认知是医生身份建构的起点;持续的职业成长是医生身份建构的路径;突出的职业能力是医生身份构建的核心;应对复杂的职业压力是医生身份建构的策略。医生的身份建构需要从性格心理、情感态度、医学道德、医学教育、终身学习、学科交流、技术能力和尊重能力等方面切入培养。

     

规范与美德的并存与互补：历史视角

美德伦理与规范伦理是生成道德整体系的两个源头,也是伦理学的两大传统和两个必要的组成部分,并有其各自的特殊功能,在其长期演进的历史过程中,展示了各自的长处与短处。历史和现实表明,美德伦理的长处正是规范伦理的短处,美德伦理的短处正是规范伦理的长处。美德伦理犹如伦理大厦的地基,地基不牢,大厦就会倒塌;规范伦理犹如这座伦理大厦的四梁八柱,是支撑伦理大厦的骨架,骨架缺失,大厦焉存？美德伦理与规范伦理的关系是并存与互补的关系。认清美德伦理与规范伦理的并存与互补的关系,是建设包括医学伦理在内的社会伦理完整体系的最佳选择。

     

明清文本对痨病病人社会形象的建构

痨病作为一种慢性传染性疾病,其在明清时的社会形象不仅与今日不同,且在不同文本中的形象亦有差别。既有辛劳过度、内心抑郁难解、感情忠贞不二等正面形象,又有会传染给他人、需要常年被照顾、纵欲过度等负面形象。明清医学认为痨病的病因多样,且痨病的传染性有其独特的传染逻辑,使得多样的痨病病人形象成为可能。通过对明清不同文本中痨病病人形象的解构,认为书写者在书写文本时,自由选择了更能凸显其书写目的的痨病病人形象。这也启示我们,今日应当破除笼罩在病人周围的重重意义之网,关心病人的疾痛和体验。

     

Effect of racial bias on composite construction

We investigated how prior bias about a face's racial characteristics can affect its encoding and resultant facial composite construction. In total, 61 participants (24 Europeans, 18 Indians living in India and 19 Indians living in Europe) saw a racially ambiguous unfamiliar face and were led to believe it was either European or Indian. They created a composite of this face, using EFIT6. Two groups of independent raters (one Indian, the other European) then assessed the apparent race of each composite. A different two groups (one Indian, one European) assessed each composite's degree of resemblance to the target face, to determine whether this was influenced by the constructors' initial categorisation of the target face as “own-race” or “other-race.” Composites appeared significantly more “Asian” or “European” according to the bias induced in their creators, but there was no evidence of any own-race bias in the resemblance ratings for the composites.     

Justice in teams: The activation and role of sensemaking in the emergence of justice climates

Justice climates are considered to be an emergent phenomenon, which originates in the cognition, affect and behaviors of individuals, but is amplified by their interactions and manifests itself as a collective construct (see Kozlowski & Klein, 2000). However, researchers have given little attention to the role of social interaction in the convergence of member justice perceptions in teams. Using conversational data from 372 students working in a team business simulation with two levels each of procedural treatment and outcome favorability, this study examines how treatment fairness arouses sensemaking in teams and the features of such sensemaking processes that give rise to shared justice perceptions. The results highlight an interactive effect of outcomes and procedures on team sensemaking, which is shown to influence justice climate strength. The results also provide insight into the effects of discussion content, intensity and duration on the emergence of justice climates.     

The crisis of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytical training: The suffering of the candidate on the long road towards qualifi cation1

The author assesses the impact of the so‐called ‘crisis of psychoanalysis’ on the training of candidates, and on those who accompany them through the course. Different causes of the most relevant symptom of the crisis, i.e. the diffi culty of fi nding patients for a four‐sessions‐weekly analysis, are considered. According to the author, analysts themselves must bear some of the responsibility for it. She draws attention to a number of interrelated phenomena, such as: trainees' tension in their encounters with potential analysands, due to awareness of their own needs as trainees; the necessity to accept very disturbed patients whose selection might arouse criticism from the training committee; analyses in which trainees seem to become patients' hostages because of ever‐present fears of interruption; the diffi cult construction of a psychoanalytic identity in trainees who also are in full‐time psychiatric practice; trainees' profound uncertainty about the future both of psychoanalysis in general and their own careers in particular. In agreement with Kernberg, the author stresses the importance of considering the ‘crisis of psychoanalysis’ as a phenomenon whose development may be infl uenced by the analysts themselves.     

练习背景下表征水平的变化

Karmiloff-Smith提出的表征重述理论认为表征重述是人类获取知识的重要途径。为探讨练习是否能够提供表征重述的机会从而促进表征水平的变化,对29名小学一年级儿童进行数字分解组合任务的研究。结果表明：（1）练习背景下约有半数儿童的表征从内隐水平发展到外显水平,但其他儿童的表征水平没有发生任何变化;（2）练习背景下儿童表征变化的路线并不完全像Karmiloff-Smith设想的那样经由程序阶段到元程序阶段再到概念化阶段,而是存在其他多种可能的发展路线;（3）练习背景下儿童获得的表征的灵活性是有限的,即可以推广到近迁移问题上,而难以推广到远迁移问题上