Measuring personality in one minute or less: A 10-item short version of the Big Five Inventory in English and German

To provide a measure of the Big Five for contexts in which participant time is severely limited, we abbreviated the Big Five Inventory (BFI-44) to a 10-item version, the BFI-10. To permit its use in cross-cultural research, the BFI-10 was developed simultaneously in several samples in both English and German. Results focus on the psychometric characteristics of the 2-item scales on the BFI-10, including their part-whole correlations with the BFI-44 scales, retest reliability, structural validity, convergent validity with the NEO-PI-R and its facets, and external validity using peer ratings. Overall, results indicate that the BFI-10 scales retain significant levels of reliability and validity. Thus, reducing the items of the BFI-44 to less than a fourth yielded effect sizes that were lower than those for the full BFI-44 but still sufficient for research settings with truly limited time constraints.     

进化心理学的相关概念、理论与历史

该文概述了达尔文主义、进化生物学与心理学在中国的发展,同时也介绍了与进化心理学相关的概念与基本理论。该文内容包括,Darwin的自然选择理论,Hamilton的种系适宜理论与Trivers的父母投资理论,也包括博弈理论、生活史理论与生态位建构理论     

后经验主义时代的理论心理学

随着经验实证主义的衰落,心理学迎来了后经验主义时代。在后经验主义时代,人们对理论和经验观察的关系有了新的理解。理论不再是经验观察的附属物,相反,经验事实是被理论决定的。理论不是经验事实的概括和归纳,而是一种文化历史的建构。后经验主义时代的理论心理学以库恩的范式论、现象学、释义学和社会建构论作为自己的哲学基础。理论的评价标准不再是与经验事实的一致性。因为经验事实由于受到理论的污染,不再是一种客观的标准。在后经验主义条件下,理论的评价标准可建立在概念和逻辑、价值观和意识形态、修辞与叙事以及实践和应用的水平上     

对医院伦理委员会建设的几点认识

对20年来我国医院伦理委员会建设步伐不够大进行了反思,分析了存在的主要原因;阐述了对生物医学技术的实施进行伦理审查评价的必要性;对我国医院伦理委员会的建设提出展望,对医院伦理委员会工作发表了自己的认识。     

藏传佛教文化对藏药的影响

藏族宗教文化对藏药的影响是深远的,处于特殊地域环境及浓郁宗教文化氛围中的藏药,从它的用药思想,到其理论体系的形成,再到具体的临床实践过程,都无不渗透着藏族宗教文化的影子。其中重视“天人合一”的思想理念贯穿在藏药用药规律的始终,同时这一理念也引发我们对人与环境之间和谐统一关系的重新审视与思考。     

防范医疗纠纷的载体建设——天津市人民医院投诉中心的绩效浅析

利用现代医学伦理的人本理念,将投诉中心作为防范医疗纠纷的载体,有效地解决就医者的投诉接待和处理,无疑是一种全新的理念和尝试。通过对投诉制度建设、投诉处理标准化流程、有效投诉信息的利用等方面的经验性论述,阐明了投诉中心的载体建设,为减少医疗纠纷、加强伦理道德建设、构建和谐的医患关系产生了积极的作用。     

Talking about interest: exploring the role of social interaction for regulating motivation and the interest experience

The Self-Regulation of Motivation Model suggests that the experience of interest is an important source of human motivation and that people often strategically regulate the experience of interest. Previous work based on this model suggests that the social context may influence this process at multiple points. The present research focuses on whether talking to others about an activity experience is one means by which individuals evaluate how interesting that activity is. In Study 1 college students completed questionnaires that asked about real life experiences where working on an activity was more interesting because they worked with others. They described experiences that occurred first in any domain, and then that occurred specifically in the school domain. Results suggested that the more students talked with others about the activity after it happened the more they reported greater interest in the activity after the conversations. In the school domain, this was especially true for Latinos and for individuals who scored higher on the Relational Self-Construal scale. Study 2 employed a lab paradigm to control for the task that individuals talked to others about and to examine whether the nature of listeners’ reactions influenced the speaker’s interest even after the study was ostensibly over. First, replicating Pasupathi and Rich (2005, ‘Inattentive listening undermines self-verification in personal storytelling’, Journal of Personality 73, pp. 1051–1086) college students who talked to a distracted friend about a computer game during the lab session reported a significant drop in interest relative to those who talked to attentive friends, regardless of whether the attentive listeners agreed or disagreed with participants. Importantly, interest ratings at a 4–6 week follow-up were affected by the perceived responsiveness of listeners during spontaneous conversational retellings outside the lab, controlling for interest levels at the end of the lab session. Taken together, results suggest that social interaction plays an important role in regulating activity interest even beyond the immediate activity experience.     

Intentional and identity processes: A social constructionist investigation using student journals

In contrast to traditional theories of career development that focus on decision-making processes in relation to market work, [Richardson, M. S. (2004). The emergence of new intentions in subjective experience: A social/personal constructionist and relational understanding. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 64, 485-498], informed by social constructionism and considering both work and relationships, suggests that the process of emerging intentional states or intentional process is central to the broader task of constructing a life. This study was designed to investigate this process. The research situation consisted of three structured group discussions with students in a graduate class. Journals written after the group discussions constituted the data for the study. Based on the first stage of data analysis, the scope of investigation was expanded to include emerging identity states or identity process and the emotional experience of the group discussions. In the second phase of data analysis, intentional process and identity process data were analyzed for themes and the emotional experience data were coded. Results of both phases of data analysis are discussed in relation to future research and implications for practice.     

迷走神经切断术治疗消化性溃疡思辨

螺旋式交替的理论创新和技术创新是医学发展的根本。本文从迷走神经切断术的产生、发展、现状去验证社会经济的发展要靠科学技术的进步,科学技术的进步要靠创新,科学技术创新要靠人才这一光辉思想的正确性。     

中国4-6岁儿童口语句法启动效应的实验研究

句法启动是指人们倾向于重复使用刚刚加工过的句子类型和结构.本研究运用图画描述范式通过三个实验考察中国4-6岁儿童口语中的句法启动效应.结果显示句法启动现象也存在于中文口语中,同时发现中文特殊句法中有明湿句法指示功能词"把"的词法启动效应.