严格检验中医疗法有效性的理论研究

本文重点在于提出并阐释了一种证实性治法研究的设计理念——纳入标准的二重性原则：检验中成药治疗某种“西医病”是否安全有效,制定受试对象的纳入标准时既辨病又辨证,研究结论的可靠性与可重复性将更有保证;在辨病的同时应该计算四诊量化信息的离均差平方和,评价受试对象之间“对表现为某证构成标志的症状和体征”的不同程度以严格控制其证候表现上的差异。     

Conscious and Preconscious Uses of Memory in Patients with Depressive and Somatoform Disorders

This study investigated whether conscious and preconscious memory features contribute to discrimination between depressive and somatoform disorders. Thirty-one participants fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for a somatoform disorder and 28 participants fulfilling the criteria for depression were examined within the framework of the process–dissociation paradigm using neutral, health-threatening, and general threatening words in a lexical decision task. Parameters of conscious memory, preconscious memory, and chance were used to compare memory features of both the groups. There was an inverse relationship between conscious and preconscious memory effects for health-threatening stimuli in the group of patients with somatoform disorders but not in the group of depressive patients. Patients with somatoform disorders showed a significantly lower level of conscious memory for health-threatening stimuli than depressive participants. Compared to depressive patients, a more dynamic relationship between decreased conscious and increased preconscious memory for health-related stimuli seems to be characteristic for patients with somatoform disorders.     

工作应激与个体归因特点关系的研究

工作应激一直是组织行为中的热点问题,但综观前人研究,很少有研究者从归因的视角揭示其产生过程。本研究从个体的应激源感受性出发,探讨了个体归因特点与其工作应激的关系,建构了相应的模型,并结合压力管理问题,对研究进行了有益展望。     

我国大学生在关爱价值观者特征上的公众观

在开放式预调查基础上,对452名大学各专业学生进行调查研究。结果表明:我国大学生认为善良、真诚、有爱心、不歧视残障者、宽容、设身处地、尊重7项是关爱价值观者最应该具有的特征;个人修养、利他助人、处事交往、外表印象、内在气质、尊重宽容、奉献与责任是关爱价值观者的7个品质因素,其中个人修养的品质因素最为突出;对这些品质因素,男女大学生看法没有明显差异,对某些品质因素城乡大学生、不同专业大学生有明显不同的看法。     

Qualitative research in psychology: Attitudes of psychology students and academic staff

Qualitative research is experiencing a resurgence within the field of psychology. This study aimed to explore the range of attitudes towards qualitative research in psychology held by students and academics, using the model of attitudes by Eagly and Chaiken as a framework. Twenty‐one psychology students and academics were interviewed about their attitudes towards qualitative research. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. While qualitative research was described as inherent to the psychology profession and useful for generating rich data, some participants felt that this approach was not well respected or considered as legitimate as quantitative methods. Reflecting common misperceptions about qualitative research, participants also expressed concerns that qualitative research was too subjective and had limited generalisability. Furthermore, some participants felt that they lacked the skills and confidence necessary to conduct qualitative research. Large investments in time and resources were identified as barriers to undertaking qualitative research. Identifying attitudes towards qualitative research provides a basis for future work in dispelling myths, promoting attitudinal change and increasing both the use and teaching of qualitative approaches in psychology.     

Reciprocal relations among job demands, job control, and social support are moderated by neuroticism: A cross-lagged analysis

This study investigated whether neuroticism moderates the relations among social support (from coworkers and supervisors) and work strain characteristics (i.e. job demands and job control). A full cross-lagged panel analysis was used to test whether social support predicts job demands and control or whether job demands and job control predict support among individuals with high and low neuroticism. Workers (N =  247; 42.1% men) of five occupations filled out questionnaires twice, with a time gap of 1 month. Work characteristics (job demands, job control, and social support) together with age and gender were included in a two-group path model with neuroticism as a moderator. Neuroticism moderated relations between social support and work strain characteristics: among individuals with high neuroticism, high job demands predicted low support from supervisors and low job control predicted low support from supervisors. Among individuals with low neuroticism, high support from supervisors predicted high job control.     

斯坦福-比奈智力量表第四版的特色研究

本研究旨在探讨斯坦福-比奈智力量表第四版的特色,以期把握世界上最优秀的个别智力测验的发展趋向。通过对斯坦福-比奈智力量表第四版的翻译、修改工作,依据144名被试的测试数据,量表的理论结构,并对分测验的特点作了详尽的分析。研究中共获得了五点关于编制和使用个别智力测验的启示。     

心为文字之性:永明延寿判教原则的语言哲学分析

Along with the Chan’s “linguistic turn”, the significance of sutras, which were despised and even regarded as the obstacle to complete enlightenment, became accepted by the Chan. Due to Yanshou’s contributions, the principle that emphasized the diversity of teaching in terms of the relationship between meaning and expression in the Sui and Tang Dynasties has been changed into a system which stressed the importance of the root/branches relationship of the mind and words. According to Yanshou, the conflict between the Chan and doctrinal teachings is resolved by highlighting the significance of words. Yanshou’s work greatly inspired the Chan’s interest in words in the Song Dynasty. __________ Translated from Jiangsu Shehui Kexue 江苏社会科学 (Jiangsu Social Sciences), 2005, (5): 109–113     

犯罪行为决策的理论与研究方法

犯罪行为是犯罪人决策的结果。犯罪行为决策研究旨在通过运用认知心理学的有关原理,说明犯罪行为实施之前的行为决策过程及影响因素,其成果能为国家制定刑事政策与犯罪预防政策等提供理论依据。犯罪行为决策的理论模型主要可分为犯罪理性模型、犯罪期望效用模型和犯罪前景理论模型。犯罪行为决策的研究方法主要采用心理物理法、过程追踪法、访谈法、投射测验法和犯罪统计法等。展望未来,应进一步探讨犯罪行为决策的理性与非理性问题,并加强对犯罪行为决策的验证性研究。     

中学生人际关系发展特点的研究

本研究选取北京、河南、重庆、杭州、新疆五地的11743名从初一到高三中学生作为被试,采用《人际关系量表》,从与异性关系、同性关系、父母关系、教师关系、陌生人关系五个方面对中学生人际关系状况和发展特点做了测查.研究结果表明:(1)中学生人际交往水平从初一到初二明显下降,初三时有大幅度的攀升,高中阶段保持在一个较高的水平上.女生的人际交往水平高于男生.(2)中学生与同伴交往水平较高,与异性同伴的关系要好于与同性同伴的关系;中学生与成人交往水平较低,与陌生成人的关系要好于与父母和教师的关系.(4)初二到初三女生与异性同伴交往水平迅速提高,初三后保持稳定;初二到高一男生与异性同伴交往水平迅速提高,高二后保持稳定;初三到高一,中学生与同性伙伴的交往水平明显提升.(5)初一到初二,中学生与父母和教师的交往水平显著下降,高中生与父母的关系有所改善,但与教师的关系一直处于较低的水平上.随年龄增长,男生与陌生人的交往水平逐渐提高,女生与陌生人的交往发展波动较大,初三和高三水平较高,初二和高一水平较低.