广西扶绥肝癌防治引发的环境与健康关系的哲学思考

从分析文献资料入手,对环境与健康的关系进行哲学思考。广西扶绥以玉米为主食的人群,因摄入过量黄曲霉素及饮用污染塘水,导致肝癌高发和高死亡率;而减少黄曲霉素摄入量、改饮清洁水,肝癌发生率和死亡率随之降低。因此,环境与健康相互影响,高温高湿环境诱发玉米产生黄曲霉素,污染塘水存在大量腐殖酸,食之饮之严重危害人的健康;健康意识觉醒,主粮由玉米改为水稻,饮用深井水,健康状况得以改善。在尊重环境与健康相互影响客观性基础上,追求客观性与主观性、人文性的统一。     

基于社会资本理论的社区慢性病防治管理策略浅析

慢性非传染性疾病对居民健康的威胁与日俱增。预防和控制慢性病的蔓延是卫生工作者和公共卫生系统面临的挑战, 也关系到国家社会经济能否持续健康的发展。在社会资本理论这一全新视角下, 分析如何构建社区慢性病防治体系, 整合社会资源, 改善人际网络关系。社区慢性病防治体系的建立将为社会资本的重组和再生形成助推器, 并有助于实现二者的相互促进, 同时, 对提高医疗资源的使用效率, 减轻患者及其家属的经济负担, 建立互信互利的社区慢性病防治平台具有重要的现实指导意义。     

新中国成立以来现代针灸学发展的三个阶段——兼论朱琏事件的历史影响与启示

伴随着中医政策的调整,以朱琏创建的“新针灸学”为代表的现代针灸学经历了三个不同的历史阶段：第一个阶段（1949年～1955年）：现代针灸学获得了快速发展,强调中医科学化,现代针灸学成为针灸学的主流;第二个阶段（1956年～1989年）：现代针灸学被长期边缘化,针灸学复归清朝之前的基本体系,传统针灸成为了针灸学的主流,并延续至今;第三个阶段（1990年～至今）：现代针灸学再度受到关注,学术界认识到针灸科学化、现代化是未来的发展方向。需要认真研究制定既有利于传承又有利于创新的中医政策,避免政策的重大摇摆。

     

循证理念在当代传染病防控领域的应用

循证医学引发医学领域的创新和革命,其理念应用于公共卫生领域形成了循证公共卫生。21世纪多种新发和复发传染病的全球性暴发为循证理念的应用带来挑战。高风险的研究环境、复杂的干预手段、证据稀缺、研究设计困难,以及在高度不确定和紧迫时间下建立程序和生成建议的需求,使循证方法学必须通过拓展和调适以解决传染病问题。六步骤快速风险评估机制、AGREE Ⅱ指南评估工具、全球传染病循证资源数据库,成为满足传染病防治的特殊要求而创新的循证实践工具。

     

中国画审美一致性的专业知识效应:一项fNIRS研究

本研究结合fNIRS技术,考察了美术训练学生和普通学生在中国画审美一致性上的差异。行为上,虽然两组被试在审美评分上没有显著差异,但在评分一致性上,美术训练学生相比普通学生在“好看”评分上更一致。脑活动上,美术训练学生右侧颞顶联合区的16通道和24通道的神经活动一致性显著高于普通学生,且美术训练学生的神经活动一致性与“好看”评分呈负相关。本研究揭示了艺术专业知识对中国画审美的重要性,且神经活动一致性可作为中国画审美判断的一项潜在神经标记。     

“Seeing Rain”: Integrating phenomenological and Bayesian predictive coding approaches to visual hallucinations and self-disturbances (Ichstörungen) in schizophrenia

We present a schizophrenia patient who reports “seeing rain” with attendant somatosensory features which separate him from his surroundings. Because visual/multimodal hallucinations are understudied in schizophrenia, we examine a case history to determine the role of these hallucinations in self-disturbances (Ichstörungen). Developed by the early Heidelberg School, self-disturbances comprise two components: 1. The self experiences its own automatic processing as alien to self in a split-off, “doubled-I.” 2. In “I-paralysis,” the disruption to automatic processing is now outside the self in omnipotent agents. Self-disturbances (as indicated by visual/multimodal hallucinations) involve impairment in the ability to predict moment-to-moment experiences in the ongoing perception-action cycle. The phenomenological approach to subjective experience of self-disturbances complements efforts to model psychosis using the computational framework of hierarchical predictive coding. We conclude that self-disturbances play an adaptive, compensatory role following the uncoupling of perception and action, and possibly, other low-level perceptual anomalies.     

Kindergarten self-control mediates the gender reading achievement gap: A population-based cohort study

Could superior self-control explain the gender difference in reading achievement favoring girls? To test this idea, we drew on a unique population-based sample (N = 11,336) where self-control was measured in kindergarten using a multimethod battery of assessments. Girls showed substantially higher levels of self-control in kindergarten (β = 0.47) and outperformed boys on standardized tests of reading achievement in third/fourth grade (β = 0.20). Further, kindergarten self-control prospectively predicted reading achievement throughout elementary school (β = 0.37). Connecting these findings, our mediation analyses revealed that the female self-control advantage in kindergarten could account for subsequent gender differences in reading achievement. Our results suggest that early gender differences in self-control may represent a key pathway through which gender disparities in reading skills, vocabulary knowledge, and reading comprehension occur.