高中生父母教养方式、身体自我认知对性别角色发展的影响

采用问卷法对264名高中生进行调查,探讨了父母教养方式、身体自我认知对高中生性别角色发展的影响作用。结果发现:(1)从总体上,男生比女生更多地呈现出双性化发展的趋势;(2)母亲干涉保护,身体自我的力量、体育活动和自尊对男生的男性气质影响显著,而母亲温暖理解和身体自我的灵活对男生的女性气质影响显著;(3)身体自我的自尊会促进女生的男性气质特点,身体自我的力量对女生的女性气质有负向作用,身体自我的外表对女生的女性气质有正向影响。     

意见收敛定理与休谟问题

意见收敛定理是主观主义概率论的一条重要定理,它表明随着证据的增加,验前概率的主观性将被验后概率的客观性所代替。意见收敛定理被看作主观概率的动态合理性原则,因而被用来解决休谟问题,即归纳合理性问题。然而,哈金有说服力地表明,意见收敛定理证明的是条件概率Pr（h／e）的收敛,而不是验后概率Pre（h）的收敛。主观主义概率论暗中接受的一个等式是：Pre（h）=Pr（h／e）,通常称之为“条件化规则”。这样,归纳法的合理性问题变成条件化规则的合理性问题。为此,本文提出一个新的合理性原则,即“最少初始概率原则”,将它同“局部合理性”观念结合起来便可为条件化规则的合理性加以辩护。     

剖宫产产后抑郁的发生与社会支持、应对方式及防御方式的相关性

了解剖宫产产后抑郁的发生与社会支持、应对方式及防御方式的相关性,对剖宫产患者进行抑郁状况的调查,并对其影响因素进行分析。对抑郁组与非抑郁组的一般情况构成比比较,并采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）、应付方式评定量表（YFFS）、社会支持问卷（ISSI）、防御方式问卷（DSQ）进行测评。社会支持、应对方式及防御方式对产后抑郁的发生均产生一定作用。应付方式、社会支持及防御方式是影响剖宫产患者产后抑郁的重要因素。     

元代疫灾述论

元代疫灾严重程度难以想象,为害甚重。据史实考察可以发现：元代疫灾虽是由自然界的破坏力及人与人之间社会关系失调共同作用而引发的,但作用主体是有变化的,且时段划分比较明显。疫灾的时间分布密集,空间分布也较为平衡。元政府在防疫方面也有许多积极举措。     

知情同意权在手术同意书中的法律探讨——李丽云死亡案引发的思考

李丽云因为丈夫拒签手术同意书而造成“一尸两命”的事件,“拒签”事件击中了医疗法规知情同意权在医疗实施过程中的软肋。如何保护病人的生命权、被救助权和手术权,如何让医院救死扶伤而没有后顾之忧,建议政府部门应该建立相应的“国家担保”制度,使病人得到最为及时有效的抢救和治疗。以免类似的悲剧再次发生。     

纳米级超声造影剂的哲学思考

纳米科技在医学中日益显示其重要作用。纳米科学与超声分子影像学的结合形成了超声纳米分子影像学,诞生了纳米级超声造影剂。本文借助自然辩证法和科学技术哲学的理论和观点,对纳米技术应用于超声造影剂带来的哲学思考进行剖析。纳米技术的诞生和纳米材料的发展开辟了超声分子影像学的新天地,促进超声造影剂的飞速发展。     

Perceiving the present and a systematization of illusions

Over the history of the study of visual perception there has been great success at discovering countless visual illusions. There has been less success in organizing the overwhelming variety of illusions into empirical generalizations (much less explaining them all via a unifying theory). Here, this article shows that it is possible to systematically organize more than 50 kinds of illusion into a 7 × 4 matrix of 28 classes. In particular, this article demonstrates that (1) smaller sizes, (2) slower speeds, (3) greater luminance contrast, (4) farther distance, (5) lower eccentricity, (6) greater proximity to the vanishing point, and (7) greater proximity to the focus of expansion all tend to have similar perceptual effects, namely, to (A) increase perceived size, (B) increase perceived speed, (C) decrease perceived luminance contrast, and (D) decrease perceived distance. The detection of these empirical regularities was motivated by a hypothesis, called "perceiving the present," that the visual system possesses mechanisms for compensating neural delay during forward motion. This article shows how this hypothesis predicts the empirical regularity.     

负面身体自我女性对身体信息的记忆偏向： 来自ERP研究的证据

采用事件相关电位（ERPs）技术探讨了负面身体自我女性（大学生）对胖-瘦两类身体图片进行再认时的脑内时程动态变化。结果发现,相对于控制组（正常女大学生）,胖负面身体自我女大学生在750~800ms的时间窗口内,“胖图”比“瘦图”诱发出一个更正的ERP波形,差异波的地形图显示该正成分在中前部有更强的激活。进一步对差异波作偶极子溯源分析,结果发现,该正成分主要起源于右侧枕叶附近。这似乎表明,右侧枕叶的激活与身体自我信息的出现有关,与负面身体自我图式的体验有关     

HIERARCHIES: THE CORE ARGUMENT FOR A NATURALISTIC CHRISTIAN FAITH

This article takes on a perhaps impossible task: not only to reconstruct the core argument of Arthur Peacocke's program in science and religion but also to evaluate it in two major areas where it would seem to be vulnerable, namely, more recent developments in systems biology and the philosophy of mind. If his theory of hierarchies is to be successful, it must stand up to developments in these two areas and then be able to apply the results in a productive way to Christian theological reflection. Peacocke recognized that one's model of the mind‐body relation is crucial for one's position on the God‐world relation and divine action. Of the three models that he constructed, it turns out that only the third can serve as a viable model for theology if it is to be more than purely deistic or metaphorical.     

QUESTIONING SCIENTIFIC FAITH IN THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY

The late nineteenth century was not only a time in which religious faith was questioned in light of increasing claims of natural science. It is more accurate to see the familiar Victorian crisis of faith as but one aspect of a larger historical phenomenon, one in which the methods of both religion and science came under scrutiny. Among several examinations of the status of scientific knowledge in the waning decades of the century, the treatment of the subject by the German theologian Wilhelm Herrmann and philosopher Hans Vaihinger rejected its objective nature and denied that either scientists or theologians had access to the truth of nature. Although this stance regarding the nature of science, religion, and their relationship was limited to intellectuals in German society at the time, it foreshadowed developments in our own day in which the traditional search for truth has been problematized.