Temptation and Deliberation

There is a great deal of plausibility to the standard view that if one is rational and it is clear at the time of action that a certain move, say M₁, would serve one’s concerns better than any other available move, then one will, as a rational agent, opt for move M₁. Still, this view concerning rationality has been challenged at least in part because it seems to conflict with our considered judgments about what it is rational to do in cases of temptation that share the structure of Warren Quinn’s self-torturer case. I argue that there is a way to accomodate our considered judgments about the relevant cases of temptation without giving up the standard view or dismissing, as in some way rationally defective, the concerns of the agents in the relevant cases. My reasoning relies on the idea that, at least in some cases, whether an action serves one’s concerns well depends on what action(s) or course(s) of action it is part of. In the final section of the paper, I explain how this idea sheds light on an important source of frustration in collective decision-making.     

Separation of politics and morality: a commentary on Analects of Confucius

Confucians emphasizes and values morality, hence observers tended to regard moralities as politics so that the independent politics in the Confucian tradition has become implicit. Through a perusal of the Analects of Confucius, we can find that ethics and politics were separated from and independent of each other to Confucius, the primitive Confucian: he did not substitute ethics for politics. __________ Translated from Nanjing Shifan Daxue Wenxueyuan Xuebao 南京师范大学文学院学报 (Journal of School of Chinese at Nanjing Normal University) by Huang Deyuan     

Flowing Within the Text: A Discussion on He Lin’s Explanation of Zhu Xi’s Method of Intuition

The author examines He Lin’s interpretation of Zhu Xi’s method of intuition from a phenomenological-hermeneutical perspective and by exposing Zhu’s philosophical presuppositions. In contrast with Lu Xiangshan’s intuitive method, Zhu Xi’s method of reading classics advocates “emptying your heart and flowing with the text” and, in this spirit, explains the celebrated “exhaustive investigation on the principles of things (ge wu qiong li).” “Text,” according to Zhu, is therefore not an object in ordinary sense but a “contextual region” or “sensible pattern” that, when merged with the reader, generates meanings. Furthermore, by discussing the related doctrines of Lao Zi, Zhuang Zi, Hua-Yan Buddhism, Zhou Dunyi, and Zhu Xi’s own “One principle with many manifestations (li yi fen shu),” the author identifies the philosophical preconditions of Zhu’s method. Based on this analysis, the author goes on to illustrate Zhu’s understanding of “observing potential yet unapparent pleasure, anger, sorrow and happiness” and “maintaining a serious attitude (zhu jing).”     

《中庸》"诚"字蠡测

“诚”是一个包含“人质”、态度、方法、途径等复杂要素在内的哲学范畴。由诚而明,明明德而达至善,这既是一种学者心法,又是一种内圣道路,还是一种带有本体论性质的思维溯源。由“诚”“入德”即朱熹读解《中庸》的法门之一。     

The Duty to Forgive Repentant Wrongdoers

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to consider the question of whether we have a duty to forgive those who repent and apologize for the wrong they have done. I shall argue that we have a pro tanto duty to forgive repentant wrongdoers, and I shall propose and consider the norm of forgiveness. This norm states that if a wrongdoer repents and apologizes to a victim, then the victim has a duty to forgive the wrongdoer, other things being equal. That someone has a pro tanto duty to forgive a repentant wrongdoer means that he or she ought to forgive unless other considerations outweigh the norm of forgiveness. Furthermore, a distinction is made between what are termed ‘general considerations’ and ‘case‐relative considerations’, and it is argued that only after all the relevant considerations have been examined can it be determined whether there is a duty to forgive, all things considered.     

王阳明思想中的“身体”隐喻

本文首先揭示了王阳明对身体的两种基本样式的区分 ,然后从身体的七个具体的存在面向考察阳明身体隐喻的使用 ,以期通过此“第二序”的论说方式之反思 ,而阐发阳明乃至宋明儒家运思的能近取譬特征     

浅谈栗谷的四端七情论

关于“四端七情”的问题在中国儒学尤其是朱熹哲学的心性论方面占有核心的位置 ,但并没有被朱熹以后的性理学者们继续关注 ,却得到韩国朝鲜王朝 ( 1 392— 1 91 0年 )的性理学者们的吸收及发挥。退溪与栗谷并称为韩国性理学的双璧 ,虽然他们都受到朱熹哲学的影响 ,不过在朱熹哲学的基础之上两位学者都建立了自己独特的哲学体系。栗谷的“四端七情说”在理气之妙、理通气局、气发理乘等理气论的基础上发挥了朱子学 ,他反对退溪理气互发的观点 ,对朱熹哲学作出了自己的理解和诠释     

中国古代“孝”文化的两重性

孝的本义是“善事父母”。因为人为父母所生养而成长 ,应该给以回报 ,所以孔孟主张对父母尽孝。先秦儒家还提出父慈子孝的对等关系 ,在道德人格上是平等的。秦汉大一统以后 ,移孝作忠 ,伦理向政治伸延 ,君父对臣子形成统治与被统治的关系。汉朝称以孝治天下 ,建立察孝廉、奖孝悌的制度。对孝道的提倡 ,用以造就一批父慈子孝、兄友弟恭的孝悌家庭 ,对以家族为本位、家国同构的中国古代 ,儿女尽孝能和睦家庭 ,进而安定社会 ,增强中华民族凝聚力 ,有一定的正面作用。同时把孝亲与忠君联系起来 ,所谓忠臣出于孝子之门 ,对于维护汉皇朝的统治亦有安定的作用。但是历朝的孝治政策亦有负面效应。由于朝廷奖励孝子 ,有的人就弄虚作假 ,败坏社会风气 ,把孝道作为沽名钓誉的工具。有的虽然真心尽孝 ,但措施不当 ,形成愚昧行为。正面与负面就形成中国古代孝文化的两重性。     

阳明学与袁宗道的“四书”诠释

公安派的重要代表人物之一袁宗道诠释“四书” ,显示了学宗阳明的取向 ,具有与儒林学人论学不尽相同的特色。袁宗道诠释“四书”与王门主意派形似而与王门现成派实同。宗道诠释“四书”是公安派中惟一系统解说儒家经典的著作。宗道通过提升意念 ,为公安派自然抒写性情提供了重要的理论依凭。     

消化道肿瘤的过度治疗及其对策

尽管当前消化道肿瘤的临床治疗发展迅速,在取得突出成绩的同时,也存在着一些问题,比如过度治疗的现象普遍存在.从消化道肿瘤过度治疗的主要表现、危害入手,分析它的成因并制定相应对策.总之,只有以循证医学的原则为指导,树立正确的临床辩证思维模式,坚持肿瘤治疗的个体化,加强综合管理,才能避免过度治疗,消化道肿瘤治疗才能健康发展并取得更大突破.