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901.
纯粹接触效应是指个体接触一个刺激的次数越频繁,个体对该刺激就越喜欢的现象。本文通过两个实验考察刺激的呈现次数与位置对纯粹接触效应的影响。实验1讨论了纯粹接触效应与刺激呈现次数之间的关系,发现刺激的偏好程度和再认成绩在不同的刺激呈现次数水平上都具有显著性差异。实验2讨论了纯粹接触效应与刺激呈现位置之间的关系,结果发现不同呈现位置上刺激的偏好程度不具有显著性差异,而再认成绩之间具有显著性差异。 相似文献
902.
公共行政本质上所具有的伦理特性以及公共行政理论和范式在不同发展时期所具有的不同特点和价值诉求,使得从伦理的角度对公共行政进行审视成为可能。公共行政正义价值既体现了民主社会自由、平等的价值追求,也蕴涵着公共行政本身所具有的对公共利益的价值取向,同时也是公共行政人员德性的体现。 相似文献
903.
904.
Xuezhi Zhang 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2007,2(3):379-401
Ancient Chinese philosophers were inclined to preserve the doctrine of a unified body and mind rather than to engage in a
discussion on the separation of the two. In addition, most traditional Chinese philosophers stressing in particular the function
of mind. Based on the tradition of believing in the concept of qi, they traced the cause of their spiritual activities to the natural effect of the qi. The modalities display a phenomenological characteristic that looks at mental activities lightly, and examines language
and action as a natural revelation of material force, qi.
__________
Translated from Beijing Daxue Xuebao 北京大学学报 (Journal of Peking University), 2005, (5): 5–14 相似文献
905.
普通高校高水平运动员职业生涯规划的SWOT分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
“教体结合”模式已经成为高校高水平运动员培养和教育的重要形式,不仅有利于高水平运动员培养的可持续发展,而且有利于进一步提升校园文化内涵。但目前普遍存在的一个问题就是高水平运动员入校后,学训矛盾突出,职业生涯规划也难以开展,有待进一步探索。本文借鉴人力资源管理职业生涯规划理论和市场营销SWOT理论为基础,以SWOT分析为工具探讨如何科学实施高水平运动员职业生涯规划。 相似文献
906.
907.
Hartmann Scheiblechner 《Psychometrika》2007,72(1):43-67
The (univariate) isotonic psychometric (ISOP) model (Scheiblechner, 1995) is a nonparametric IRT model for dichotomous and
polytomous (rating scale) psychological test data. A weak subject independence axiom W1 postulates that the subjects are ordered
in the same way except for ties (i.e., similarly or isotonically) by all items of a psychological test. A weak item independence
axiom W2 postulates that the order of the items is similar for all subjects. Local independence (LI or W3) is assumed in all
models. With these axioms, sample-free unidimensional ordinal measurements of items and subjects become feasible. A cancellation
axiom (Co) gives, as a result, the additive isotonic psychometric (ADISOP) model and interval scales for subjects and items,
and an independence axiom (W4) gives the completely additive isotonic psychometric (CADISOP) model with an interval scale
for the response variable (Scheiblechner, 1999). The d-ISOP, d-ADISOP, and d-CADISOP models are generalizations to d-dimensional dependent variables (e.g., speed and accuracy of response).
The author would like to thank an Associate Editor and two anonymous referees and also Professor H.H. Schulze for their very
valuable suggestions and corrections. 相似文献
908.
In this paper we introduce a latent variable model (LVM) for mixed ordinal and continuous responses, where covariate effects
on the continuous latent variables are modelled through a flexible semiparametric Gaussian regression model. We extend existing
LVMs with the usual linear covariate effects by including nonparametric components for nonlinear effects of continuous covariates
and interactions with other covariates as well as spatial effects. Full Bayesian modelling is based on penalized spline and
Markov random field priors and is performed by computationally efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. We apply
our approach to a German social science survey which motivated our methodological development.
We thank the editor and the referees for their constructive and helpful comments, leading to substantial improvements of a
first version, and Sven Steinert for computational assistance. Partial financial support from the SFB 386 “Statistical Analysis
of Discrete Structures” is also acknowledged. 相似文献
909.
For various domains in proportional reasoning cognitive development is characterized as a progression through a series of
increasingly complex rules. A multiplicative relationship between two task features, such as weight and distance information
of blocks placed at both sides of the fulcrum of a balance scale, appears difficult to discover. During development, children
change their beliefs about the balance scale several times: from a focus on the weight dimension (Rule I) to occasionally
considering the distance dimension (Rule II), guessing (Rule III), and applying multiplication (Rule IV; Siegler, 1981). Because
of the detailed empirical findings the balance scale task has become a benchmark task for computational models of proportional
reasoning.
In this article, we present a large empirical study (N = 420) of which the findings provide a challenge for computational models. The effect of feedback and the effect of individually
adapted training items on rule transition were tested for children using Rule I or Rule II. Presenting adapted training items
initiates belief revision for Rule I but not for Rule II. The experience of making mistakes (by providing feedback) induces
a change for both Rule I and Rule II. However, a delayed posttest shows that these changes are preserved after 2 weeks only
for children using Rule I. We conclude that the transition from Rule I to Rule II differs from the transition from Rule II
to a more complex rule. Concerning these empirical findings, we will review performance of computational models and the implications
for a future belief revision model.
It is one Thing, to show a Man that he is in an Error, and another, to put him in possession of Truth. John Locke相似文献
910.
Research has found that neighborhood structural characteristics can influence residents' mental health. Few studies, however, have explored the proximal reasons behind such influences. This study investigates how different types of communities, in terms of environmental stressors (social and physical disorder and fear of crime) and social resources (informal ties and formal organizational participation), affect well-being, depression, and anxiety in adult residents. Data are from a survey of 412 residents nested in 50 street blocks. Block stressors and resources were cluster analyzed to identify six block types. After controlling for several individual- and block-level characteristics, results from multilevel models suggest that in communities facing relatively few stressors, higher levels of formal participation are associated with better mental health. Because high levels of formal participation were not found in communities with higher levels of stressors, the impact of participation in such contexts could not be examined. However, results suggest that in communities where stressors are more common, isolation from neighbors may have a protective effect on mental health. 相似文献