Changing roles for the school mental health professional

Draws on the experience of an innovative school mental health project, emphasizing early detection and prevention of school adjustment problems, to describe emergent, needed roles for school psychologists. The later include: systematic screening of primary graders and parent interviewing to further early detection; consultation with teachers and other school personnel; and recruitment, training, and supervision of nonprofessional help-agents. Such roles bring early effective services to many children, in ways that optimize their educational and personal development.     

There's method in our madness: Interpersonal attraction as a multidimensional construct

The convergent validity and number of dimensions common to six measures of interpersonal attraction (three verbal and three nonverbal) were explored in this investigation. Convergent validity was found within verbal and nonverbal modes of measurement, but not between modes. No general factor was found to be common to the six measures of attraction. It was, therefore, concluded that method bias influences experimental results, threatening the comparability of results from research programs using different modes of measuring attraction. The results also question the assumption that social attitudes, such as attraction, are closely related to behavior, and imply that predictions derived from theories based on different modes of measuring attraction will have unequal utility.     

论墨家的道德精神

墨家也和儒家一样,具有非常明显的道德至上的思想倾向。他们倡导如下基本道德精神:反对不劳而获,提倡“为人犹为己”,强调义利统一、志功统一。     

元伦理学崛起的历史原因探析

元伦理学在西方崛起的历史原因必须在垄断资本主义的社会现实、现代主义运动和“现代性”中寻找。垄断资本主义的出现是西方现代主义运动爆发的现实基础,而现代主义运动则为西方带来了以“反传统”为基本特征的“现代性”。元伦理学家既是现代主义运动的受影响者,也是该运动的直接参与者和推动者。元伦理学具有显而易见的现代性特征。     

《道德经》中的"德"概念与中国形而上学伦理学

《道德经》(非竹简本)中的“德”概念从生成论方面来看,是一个相对于道的特殊性概念,相对于万物的普遍性概念,因而是一个共相的具体和具体的共相相统一的概念,它位于超越的实在和感性事物之间;《道德经》中的“德”概念从认识论方面来看,是“谷神”实现的原理,是一个精神生活的形而上原理;《道德经》中的“德”概念在道德实践上主要是“得”和“舍”相平衡的原理。《道德经》通过“德”概念使得个体价值指向一个形而上的、具有无限利益的生存领域,从而具有提升现实的人格的意义。     

论孙中山民主主义的服务道德

孙中山在其三民主义的政治基础上,形成了他的民主主义的伦理思想,突出特色是他所倡导的“服务道德”。其要点是,以民主平等取代等级特权制度,这是服务道德的政治前提;实行人道主义、维护人的尊严,这是服务道德的基本要求;铲除皇帝思想、树立公仆观念,这是实践服务道德的基本途径。孙中山的伦理思想有明显的历史局限性,但是,他的“服务道德”思想仍然是值得借鉴的。     

对毛泽东新中国探索的再思考--从《毛泽东传(1949-1976)》的写作谈起

本文从《毛泽东传(1949-1976)》的写作谈起,对毛泽东新中国之路的探索进行了深入的思考,认为毛泽东建国后主要是做了三件大事:一是进行现代化建设;二是在外交上谋求中国的大国地位;三是巩固党的长期执政地位。对于这三件事的得失成败均应还原到相应的历史背景中去考察,方能得出恰当的结论。     

人的所有制与人权概念

人的所有制是被用来从总体上表明一个人类共同体内部各成员之间占有关系的一种社会制度或社会关系;人的所有制是人类社会最基本的经济制度,它是区别和划分人类历史上各种不同经济形态的根本标志,是一个比生产资料所有制更为重要和更为基本的社会所有制的存在形式;人权概念是一个先后为在相关人类共同体中分别建立和维持人的公民所有制、劳动力的公民所有制、公民所有制的劳动者人身所有制、人格的公民平等、人的个人所有制、劳动力的个人所有制、个人所有制的劳动者人身所有制、婚权的个人所有制和使包括所有成年女性在内的所有社会成年成员享有人格的人类平等、劳动力的部分社会所有制等社会制度而被提出来的哲学概念、法律概念和政治概念。     

经验、材料性质及加工水平对虚假记忆的影响

本实验采用DRM研究范式,考察经验、材料性质和加工水平三个方面对虚假记忆的影响。实验首次采用句子的方式呈现,给被试提供符合经验和不符合经验的句子进行学习和再认。实验结果显示,三个因素对虚假记忆的影响都是显著的,其中,经验是导致虚假记忆产生的主导因素,加工深度同经验之间以及材料性质同经验之间的交互作用均存在显著的交互作用。     

The distinction between positive and negative reinforcement: use with care

It is customary in behavior analysis to distinguish between positive and negative reinforcement in terms of whether the reinforcing event involves onset or offset of a stimulus. In a previous article (Baron & Galizio, 2005), we concluded that a distinction of these terms is not only ambiguous but has little if any functional significance. Here, we respond to commentaries by a group of distinguished behavior analysts about the issues we raised. Although several of the commentators argued for preservation of the distinction, we remain unconvinced that its benefits outweigh its weaknesses. Because this distinction is so deeply embedded in the language of behavior analysis, we hardly expect that it will be abandoned. However, we hope that the terms positive and negative reinforcement will be used with circumspection and with full knowledge of the confusion they can engender.