网络主体的道德意识培养

为了保证网络社会的健康运行 ,网络道德建设已成为无法回避重要的课题。在网络道德建设中 ,我们必须注重培养网络主体的道德意识 ;在培养网络道德意识的过程中 ,我们既要坚持对网络主体的道德灌输、提高其道德认识能力 ,又要锻炼其道德意志并加强道德修养。     

社会认同对抑郁的影响及其理论解释

社会认同作为个体在群际和内群体层面的社会联结,总体上对抑郁产生了积极影响,表现为认同程度、认同重要性、认同群体数量以及认同变化的影响等4个方面。现有研究从需求、认知和行为层面探讨了社会认同影响抑郁的中介因素,并检验了身份认同动机和消极群体评价两个调节因素。社会认同视角下的4种理论分别从社会医治、心理资源、认同变化以及认同层次等不同角度解释了社会认同影响抑郁的心理机制。未来应厘清社会认同对抑郁的深层影响机制,重视社会认同影响抑郁的调节因素,及建构社会认同影响抑郁的能动-共生模型。     

中文阅读中副中央凹预加工的范围与程度

在阅读中, 读者既能加工当前注视的中央凹视觉区的信息, 也能从副中央凹视觉区提取信息并利用该信息预先加工下文词汇, 称为预加工或预视。它是熟练阅读的一个关键环节。对副中央凹信息的预加工涉及预视的空间范围和预视程度(即预视量和预视类型)。在拼音文字阅读的研究中, 关于预视范围与预视程度如何受中央凹加工负荷和副中央凹预加工负荷的调节存在争议, 一个主要的原因是拼音文字词长变异大, 在考察预视程度时难以克服预视范围的干扰。而中文词长变化小, 能有效分离预视范围与预视程度。利用中文优势, 采用眼动技术来考察:(1)副中央凹预加工负荷如何影响预视范围, (2)中央凹加工负荷如何影响预视范围与预视程度, (3)阅读能力与阅读效率如何调节预视范围与预视程度, 结果将有助于解决副中央凹预视研究中的理论争论, 为预测阅读能力与衡量阅读效率提供更多有效的眼动行为指标。     

人声加工的神经机制

人声是人类听觉环境中最熟知和重要的声音, 传递着大量社会相关信息。与视觉人脸加工类似, 大脑对人声也有着特异性加工。研究者使用电生理、脑成像等手段找到了对人声有特异性反应的脑区, 即颞叶人声加工区(TVA), 并发现非人类动物也有类似的特异性加工区域。人声加工主要涉及言语、情绪和身份信息的加工, 分别对应于三条既相互独立又相互作用的神经通路。研究者提出了双通路模型、多阶段模型和整合模型分别对人声的言语、情绪和身份加工进行解释。未来研究需要进一步讨论人声加工的特异性能否由特定声学特征的选择性加工来解释, 并深入探究特殊人群(如自闭症和精神分裂症患者)的人声加工的神经机制。     

亲社会视频游戏中的合作对博弈决策中合作行为的影响

以38名大学生和研究生为被试,采用Chicken Game实验范式测量合作行为,考察了单人和双人合作模式游戏后,性别和游戏习惯对玩家在博弈决策中合作行为的影响。结果表明：（1）双人合作模式游戏可以促进玩家在博弈决策中的合作行为;（2）双人合作模式游戏后,男玩家（相比女玩家）在博弈决策中的合作行为更多;（3）玩游戏的习惯影响博弈决策中的合作行为,相比于经常习惯与现实朋友玩游戏和独自玩游戏的玩家,经常习惯与网友玩游戏的玩家在双人合作模式游戏后的合作行为更多。本研究不仅证实了一般学习模型,也证实了亲社会合作类视频游戏可以有效促进博弈决策中的合作行为。     

主题与类属关系的距离对分类和属性推理过程的影响：来自ERP的证据

不同关系类型对归纳推理具有重要的影响,然而主题关系（如,熊猫vs.竹子）与类属关系（如,熊猫vs.羚羊）在归纳推理中的神经机制仍然不清楚。本研究采用事件相关电位（ERP）技术,通过分开呈现属性归纳推理任务中的结论类别和结论属性,探讨两种关系类型及其距离在分类过程和属性推理过程中的ERP特征。结果发现：（1）结论类别呈现阶段,N400（370～500 ms）与LNC（the late negative component）（570～700 ms）时间窗口上,无论是主题关系还是类属关系,远距离比近距离均诱发了更大的负波;前者表明N400与语义整合密切相关,后者说明LNC与语义类别信息违背和假设形成有关。（2）结论属性呈现阶段,主题关系比类属关系诱发了更大的N1;同时,近距离比远距离诱发了更大的N1,反映了类别属性特征的知觉和自动化加工。结果表明：语义类别属性归纳存在距离效应,并且语义关系在属性推理过程中具有不同的加工方式。     

高创造力个体的群体差异性研究

高创造力群体的界定是创造力研究的重要前提,但迄今极少有研究关注以往研究中高创造力群体间的同质性问题。本研究以创造力问题提出能力测验调查了两所高校（一所地方高校和一所教育部直属高校）的975名大学生的创造力,通过极端组方法（extreme groups approach, EGA）为大学生创造力水平分组,考察不同创造力分组之间的差别。研究发现：地方高校和部属高校的高创造力大学生被试,在创造力的流畅性、变通性和独特性三个维度上,均存在显著差异。本研究结果提示,大学生高创造力组间可能存在质的差别,因此相关研究在外推结果时需要采取谨慎态度;研究者在实验过程中和讨论文献结果的可比性时一定要关注样本的同质性问题。     

Mission,Reconciliation, and the Politics of Place

Through the retelling of some familiar biblical stories – Jonah, Acts 1, Acts 10 – and gospel narratives of inclusion, this paper looks at the transformation of politics and identities made possible by the sending of the Holy Spirit and the mission of reconciliation to which Christians are called. Through an examination of the themes of power, prejudice, partnership, and identity, the paper aims to offer a concrete approach to rethinking the spaces and places where a reconciling mission can be enacted. Central to an understanding of reconciliation are the disruption and transgressing of boundaries in which Jesus engaged. In addition to this, Jesus creates these unique spaces for reconciliation around his very person, and the Spirit leads the church into these same contexts. Finally, selections of John 17 are examined through a biographical lens in order to offer a new understanding of the politics of identity and the surprising contexts where God’s Spirit reconciles all things in Christ.     

The Moderating Role of Agreeableness in the Relationship between Experiencing Anger and Creative Performance

Previous studies regarding the effect of experiencing anger on creative performance have shown controversial findings. Some studies have reported that anger hampers creative performance, whereas others have shown that anger promotes cognitive motivation and improves creative performance. Anger is associated with hostility, threats, and conflict, states that are congruent with low agreeableness. In contrast, anger is incompatible with an agreeable individual's preference for harmony and peace. Experiencing this negative activating emotion should be demanding and stressful to them and thereby hamper creative task engagement. Accordingly, we conducted an experimental study to examine whether agreeableness moderated the association between anger and creative performance. A total of 128 undergraduates were randomly assigned to receive either induced anger or a neutral emotion and then completed a creativity task. We found that participants with lower levels of agreeableness showed better fluency, flexibility, and originality in creativity in the anger relative to the neutral-emotion condition, whereas participants with higher levels of agreeableness showed better creative performance in the neutral emotion relative to the anger condition. The present findings not only provide a viable account for integrating inconsistent findings regarding the facilitating effect of anger on creativity but also contribute to contingent strategies for promoting creative performance.     

Troubles with Theoretical Virtues: Resisting Theoretical Utility Arguments in Metaphysics

In this paper we examine theoretical utility arguments in metaphysics. While philosophers claim a procedural continuity with science when using such arguments, we argue that examining famous instances from the history of science expose their fundamental flaws. We find that arguments from theoretical utility invoke considerations that are not truth conducive and that justifications for claims that a theory possesses theoretical virtues often assume the truth of the theory such virtues are supposed to support. We conclude that theoretical utility arguments provide no epistemic grounds for metaphysical inquiry.