词汇听觉使用频率在两类记忆测验中的比较研究

讨论了词语使用过程中视觉使用频率和听觉使用频率的区分。通过两个实验对听觉使用频率进行了探讨。实验一通过量表评定法得到了两组视觉使用频率相同,但听觉使用频率不同的双字词,实验二利用实验一得到的两组双字词对被试进行了记忆测验,在单一的听觉条件下,发现在自由回忆,听觉再认和模糊辨听这两类不同的记忆测验中出现了实验性分离现象;反映了听觉使用频率自身的一些特征。     

Application of the bootstrap methods in factor analysis

A Monte Carlo experiment is conducted to investigate the performance of the bootstrap methods in normal theory maximum likelihood factor analysis both when the distributional assumption is satisfied and unsatisfied. The parameters and their functions of interest include unrotated loadings, analytically rotated loadings, and unique variances. The results reveal that (a) bootstrap bias estimation performs sometimes poorly for factor loadings and nonstandardized unique variances; (b) bootstrap variance estimation performs well even when the distributional assumption is violated; (c) bootstrap confidence intervals based on the Studentized statistics are recommended; (d) if structural hypothesis about the population covariance matrix is taken into account then the bootstrap distribution of the normal theory likelihood ratio test statistic is close to the corresponding sampling distribution with slightly heavier right tail.This study was carried out in part under the ISM cooperative research program (91-ISM · CRP-85, 92-ISM · CRP-102). The authors would like to thank the editor and three reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions which improved the quality of this paper considerably.     

护士职业的人格特质研究

采用Ｙ－Ｇ性格测验问卷,对临床护士和在读护生共３９０人,进行了心理测评,展开了护士职业的人格特质研究。研究结果表明：优秀护士群体的性格类型和某些人格特质显著地优于一般护士群体;优秀护士与一般护士间所显现出显著差异的人格特质,对于护士角色人格的构成具有决定性影响;Ｙ－Ｇ性格测验的Ａ型性格类型评定对于护士职业的心理选拔显现特异性趋势;整个测评研究结果,基本支持＂护士个体人格特质与角色人格特质的匹配模式＂等理论假设．     

Test theory without an answer key

A general model is presented for homogeneous, dichotomous items when the answer key is not known a priori. The model is structurally related to the two-class latent structure model with the roles of respondents and items interchanged. For very small sets of respondents, iterative maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters can be obtained by existing methods. For other situations, new estimation methods are developed and assessed with Monte Carlo data. The answer key can be accurately reconstructed with relatively small sets of respondents. The model is useful when a researcher wants to study objectively the knowledge possessed by members of a culturally coherent group that the researcher is not a member of.This research was supported by NSF Grant No. SES-8320173 to the authors. We gratefully acknowledge comments and suggestions from John Boyd, Tarow Indow, and Kathy Maher as well as the editor and several anonymous referees.     

民航飞行员冠状动脉粥样硬化情况调查及特点分析

心血管事件成为威胁民航飞行安全的主要因素之一.为更及时地发现飞行员冠状动脉病变,提高用无创性常规辅助检查预测飞行员冠状动脉粥样硬化的准确性,对105例飞行员进行血脂、血压、血糖、体重指数、颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查、运动负荷心电图试验以及64排双源CT冠状动脉造影检查.比较颈动脉粥样硬化与运动负荷心电图试验阳性、高危因素对冠状动脉预测的敏感性和特异性.飞行员的职业特点可能使其冠状动脉粥样硬化早于其他血管床,危险因素较其他辅助检查可能更具意义,必须综合分析各项检查才可能更准确地预测飞行员冠状动脉病变.     

A binomial test for hierarchical dependency

A binomial test for hierarchical dependency is presented. The null hypothesis is that all members of a population who possess a certain skill are a subset of the members who possess another skill. This hypothesis is basic to the writings of several prominent theorists, such as Gagné and Piaget. The model, assumptions, formula derivations, and procedures for the test are explained. An illustrative example is also provided.     

Development of the Treatment Acceptability Questionnaire

This article describes the development and psychometric properties of a measure designed to assess the treatment acceptability of psychological treatments for both adult and child populations. Initial evidence on the Treatment Acceptability Questionnaire (TAQ) indicates that it has a good internal consistency and test-retest stability (over a 3-week period). The pattern of correlations with other measures of treatment acceptability for child-oriented interventions provides evidence of concurrent validity. Suggestions are made regarding the further validation and use of the TAQ.     

Statistical inference based on latent ability estimates

The quality of approximations to first and second order moments (e.g., statistics like means, variances, regression coefficients) based on latent ability estimates is being discussed. The ability estimates are obtained using either the Rasch, or the two-parameter logistic model. Straightforward use of such statistics to make inferences with respect to true latent ability is not recommended, unless we account for the fact that the basic quantities are estimates. In this paper true score theory is used to account for the latter; the counterpart of observed/true score being estimated/true latent ability. It is shown that statistics based on the true score theory are virtually unbiased if the number of items presented to each examinee is larger than fifteen. Three types of estimators are compared: maximum likelihood, weighted maximum likelihood, and Bayes modal. Furthermore, the (dis)advantages of the true score method and direct modeling of latent ability is discussed.     

On the robustness of maximum likelihood scaling for violations of the error model

A Monte Carlo study was conducted to investigate the robustness of the assumed error distribution in maximum likelihood estimation models for multidimensional scaling. Data sets generated according to the lognormal, the normal, and the rectangular distribution were analysed with the log-normal error model in Ramsay's MULTISCALE program package. The results show that violations of the assumed error distribution have virtually no effect on the estimated distance parameters. In a comparison among several dimensionality tests, the corrected version of thex ² test, as proposed by Ramsay, yielded the best results, and turned out to be quite robust against violations of the error model.     

应激对大鼠行为和部分脑区谷氨酸含量的影响

以旷场试验法测定动物在急、慢性躯体性和心理性应激时的行为变化,以快速断头冷冻匀浆法,用ＨＩＴＡＣＨＩ－８３５氨基酸分析仪测定应激各期视皮层、海马、下丘脑、小脑谷氨酸含量。并对正常动物经侧脑室微量注射Ｌ－ＡＰ４后观察行为变化。结果显示,急性应激期动物行为活动增加,慢性应激期减少：应激时,大鼠部分脑区的谷氨酸含量与对照组相比在不同时期呈显著性差异;侧脑室微量注射Ｌ－ＡＰ４提示行为活动减弱可能与脑内Ｇｌｕ系统的活动有关。