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991.
Gick and McGarry (1992) show that inducing source problem difficulty by reducing the salience of its structural elements improves analogical transfer. According to them, this result is explained by similarities between mistakes made when solving the difficult source and target mistakes. In this study, we replicate Gick and McGarry study in order to do an analysis, not made by the authors, in the aim of testing the role of mistakes in analogical transfer. Our results replicate the effects Gick and McGarry observed, but show that theses effects are not explained by mistakes made on the source problem. 相似文献
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We base on well known researches in pragmatics, linguistics and psychology of communication who define the schizophrenics troubles of thought according to their intrication with some properties of language, discourse and conversation. But we observe that those researches fail to represent the cognitive rationality of incoherence. We prepare a new method of analysis which takes the dynamical properties of verbal interaction sequences into account that constitute the natural context of the trouble's expression. This method connects a discourse representation theory (DRT) to aspects of pragmatics and conversational analysis. In the way we make such a model suitable to discontinuity in verbal interaction, we show it is possible 1) to describe the specific processes of thought of the schizophrenic speaker and “normal” and 2) to decipher the dialogical mechanism, probably in part archaic, which maintains the exchange despite disturbances. 相似文献
993.
Steve Myers 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2009,54(4):513-531
Abstract : Jung first recounted his dream of the multi-storeyed house in the 1925 seminars to illustrate the concept of the collective unconscious and explain the influence of phylogeny on his split with Freud. However, his telling the story of the dream belies a cryptomnesic influence of the early writings of psychoanalysis because Josef Breuer used a similar image to illustrate the structure of the psyche which Édouard Claparède associated with a phylogenetic inheritance. When telling the story of the dream, Jung misrepresented Freud's position, creating the impression of there being a bigger difference between their theories than was actually the case, and giving the dream a fictional significance for the breakdown of their relationship. In fact, Jung followed Freud into the fields of mythology and phylogenetics, and their split was due primarily to their different attitudes towards sexuality rather than phylogeny. The dream image has therefore led to a misunderstanding of Freudian theory when viewed from within a Jungian perspective. Freud believed there was a phylogenetic layer in the psyche, though he held a different view to Jung on its nature and importance. 相似文献
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Severe Traumatic brain injury (sTBI) often instigates widespread long-lasting disability and is accompanied by extensive rehabilitation. Unsurprisingly, sTBI also holds malignant consequences for patients’ close relatives. The burden caused by the injury and its severity explains some of the ramifications for the relatives. Additionally, some findings demonstrate that patients with sTBI and their relatives develop posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. However, although the link between PTS symptoms and physical and mental health is well-documented in literature, the effect of PTS symptoms on relatives of patients with sTBI has barely been examined. This study examines the influence of PTS symptoms of patients with sTBI and their relatives on the physical and mental health and functioning of the relatives. Patients who sustained a severe sTBI (Abbreviated Injury Scale of the head region > 3) and close relatives were included in a multi-center, prospective cohort study (TRAST-MI). One-hundred patients and their relatives were assessed at 2, 6, and 12 months post injury. Outcome variables included health-related quality of life (SF-12) as well as emotional, cognitive, interpersonal, and total functioning (PCRS). Relatives’ physical health was predicted by relatives’ PTS symptoms (Slope=−1.76; p = .043), and mental health was predicted by both patients’ (Slope=−2.77; p = .034) and relatives’ (Slope=−6.59; p < .001) PTS symptoms. Functioning level was only predicted by patients’ PTS symptoms (Slope=−.25; p<.001). The findings emphasize that TBI should be considered a comprehensive traumatic experience reaching further than mere physical damage to the brain and its direct consequences, affecting the injured individual and close relatives. 相似文献
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Jesús Maya Lucía Jiménez Bárbara Lorence Gonzalo del Moral Victoria Hidalgo 《Family process》2020,59(1):111-126
Scene-Based Psychodramatic Family Therapy (SB-PFT) is an innovative treatment used with troubled adolescents and their parents to improve family relationships and reduce adolescents’ problematic behavior. It integrates the principles of family therapy, psychodrama, and multiple-family group methodology. This research is a pilot study to obtain empirical evidence on the SB-PFT therapeutic process by gauging the perception of change of troubled adolescents and their parents, and assess the perceived helpfulness of its methodology and techniques. Ten multiple-family intervention groups were drawn up, with 110 participants (63 adolescents and 47 parents), and we adopted a qualitative methodology with focus groups, using an inductive analysis of 290 active constructions of participant narratives. Concerning perception of change, the adolescents reported mainly gaining in social support, prosocial attitudes, keys to problem solving, and expression of emotions due to the treatment. The parents perceived improvement in social support, keys for educational practices, emotional well-being, and expression of emotions due to the treatment. Regarding the perceived helpfulness of methodology and techniques, both adolescents and parents highlighted the usefulness of the group methodology for gaining social support, relativizing the problem, and expressing emotions. Additionally, participants referred to role-playing and mirror techniques as the most useful techniques. In conclusion, this first study on SB-PFT presents and describes its treatment for troubled adolescents and their parents. The participants’ positive perception of their personal and relational change after treatment should serve to promote further studies with quantitative methodology in order to verify the effectiveness of SB-PFT treatment. 相似文献
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