情绪对时间知觉的影响

研究了情绪唤醒度和愉悦度对时间知觉的影响及其机制.以53名大学生为被试,采用中国情绪图片系统为情绪诱发材料,使用时间两分法和泛化法考察唤醒和注意机制对时间知觉的影响.结果表明:在短时距下,(1)唤醒度和愉悦度对时间知觉的影响可能是独立的,两个实验中交互作用都不显著;(2)情绪主要通过唤醒机制影响时间知觉,被试在高唤醒情绪下知觉到的时间显著长于在低唤醒情绪下知觉到的时间.     

时间自我透视与价值偏好

该研究对大学生时间自我透视与价值偏好之间的关系进行了探讨。结果发现,当从远期的时间距离来透视自我（可能自我知觉）时,个体更加偏好理想主义价值;当个体从近期的时间距离来透视自我（当前自我知觉）时,个体更加偏好实用主义价值。但是,时间自我透视与价值偏好之间并非遵循严格的线性关系。此外,研究还发现,上述规律只出现于个体对自我的知觉中,个体对他人的时间透视并未表现出类似的规律。     

Human factors in GIScience laboratory at the Pennsylvania State University

The human factors in GIScience Laboratory (Human Factors Lab) of The Pennsylvania State University’s Department of Geography is located in University Park, PA (USA). University Park and bordering State College, PA are found in the heart of PA between the cities of New York City, NY, Philadelphia, PA, and Pittsburgh, PA. The laboratory is directed by Dr. Alexander Klippel and is part of the GeoVISTA Center. The Human Factors Lab contributes to Penn State Geography’s strong tradition as a leader in research on map perception, spatial cognition, and behavior in spatial environments. This report focuses upon basic research topics in spatial cognition, including: (1) perceptual and cognitive factors in map symbolization and design, (2) the creation of cognitively ergonomic route directions for next generation location based services (LBS), (3) You-Are-Here maps and the creation of a sense of place through map-like representations, (4) the conceptualization and representation of dynamic phenomena (i.e., geographic movement pattern), and (5) the relationship between linguistic and non-linguistic conceptualization.     

时间隐喻中的空间参照框架

在时间隐喻研究早期, 研究者多将时间隐喻分为“自我移动”和“时间移动”两类, 关注的是“自我移动”和“物体移动”空间参照框架向时间概念的系统映射。最近, 有研究者在语料分析的基础上, 提出了由其他空间参照框架映射而来的新的时间参照系, 并确立了新的理论, 其中以自我参照点和时间参照点理论、三大参照系理论最具代表性。文章对“自我移动”和“时间移动”隐喻方面的最新研究及目前空间-时间隐喻方面一些新的参照点/系理论和相关实证研究进行了述评。     

西方婚姻沟通研究进展述评

目前西方婚姻研究领域的主流—— 婚姻沟通研究表现出三大进展：从个体研究视角转向互动视角; 从单一维度划分沟通类型转向功能性的划分; 从人格影响因素的探索转向权力结构的探索。该领域未来的研究趋势应集中在关注积极互动、扩展研究范式、探索调节或中介机制、探讨夫妻权力的不同层面以及重新评价人格因素的影响等方面。     

Composition of brain oscillations and their functions in the maintenance of auditory,visual and audio–visual speech percepts: an exploratory study

In the present exploratory study based on 7 subjects, we examined the composition of magnetoencephalographic (MEG) brain oscillations induced by the presentation of an auditory, visual, and audio-visual stimulus (a talking face) using an oddball paradigm. The composition of brain oscillations were assessed here by analyzing the probability-classification of short-term MEG spectral patterns. The probability index for particular brain oscillations being elicited was dependent on the type and the modality of the sensory percept. The maintenance of the integrated audio-visual percept was accompanied by the unique composition of distributed brain oscillations typical of auditory and visual modality, and the contribution of brain oscillations characteristic for visual modality was dominant. Oscillations around 20 Hz were characteristic for the maintenance of integrated audio-visual percept. Identifying the actual composition of brain oscillations allowed us (1) to distinguish two subjectively/consciously identical mental percepts, and (2) to characterize the types of brain functions involved in the maintenance of the multi-sensory percept.     

心理时间的分割与整合

在心理时间的研究中存在两种观点。一种观点认为,心理时间是以整合的方式呈现,心理时间的整合是对各种实验结果所得出的时间经验的概括与综合。另一种观点将心理时间进行分割,时序信息加工通过知觉重组和外部计数操作反映出来,这些活动受一个目标间隔内发生的事件结构的层次性所支配,分割心理时间的观点强调时距估计中期望的作用,但它不能解释非时序信息加工路径的影响。     

时序知觉的启动效应

时序知觉中的启动效应是指被启动的刺激被知觉为先于未启动刺激出现。文章综述了时序知觉启动效应的有关理论解释和影响因素,并对现有研究存在的问题及未来研究的方向进行了讨论。     

The Practice of Marriage and Family Therapists with Managed Care Clients

This study examined the practice patterns of Nebraska marriage and family therapists (MFTs) working with managed care cases. The participants' two most recently closed managed care cases were examined to determine the types of cases seen, the process of treatment, and treatment outcome. Results indicated that the therapists saw cases for a median number of six sessions. MFTs worked with a variety of presenting problems and diagnoses. Depression was the most common presenting problem, and the most common DSM-IV diagnosis was adjustment disorder. A comparison of pre- and post-treatment GAF scores indicated that clients' level of functioning improved significantly during the course of treatment.