群组成员行动目标的一致性对群体实体性的影响:动作形式一致性的调节作用

群体被视为一个有机整体的特性被称为群体实体性。研究从行为的行动目标和动作形式两个特征维度出发,探讨了行动目标一致性和动作形式一致性如何共同作用于群体实体性。结果发现,在不同群体规模下,群体成员具有一致目标的群体实体性均高于不一致条件,但只有当行为发生在群体情景且符合合理性原则时,动作形式一致性对该影响关系才起到调节作用。该结果表明,只有当行为发生在群体情景且符合合理性原则时,行动目标和动作形式才联合作用于群体实体性。     

Disparity of Internet Access and the Role of Libraries

ABSTRACT

This article offers evidence of increasing economic disparities for poor people and a growing “digital divide.” The role of libraries to ensure access to technology is discussed. The Bridge Project is presented as an example of a library program designed to bring technological access into low-income neighborhoods.     

美国政府对宗教事务的管理

美国没有专门管理宗教事务的政府机构,政府对宗教事务的管理主要通过普通法律,辅以政府文件来实现.本文选取美国宗教事务中最具代表性、宗教事务管理中最具典型性的部分加以叙述,力求对美国宗教事务管理作概况性的描述,并勾画其基本特征.     

儿科病房抗生素耐药情况调查及干预对策

调查儿科病房送检标本中优势细菌分布情况及耐药率,272株优势菌中产β-内酰胺酶菌占69.5%,其主要原因是儿科抗生素使用率明显高于成人,且较多的应用β-内酰胺类抗生素,分析儿科抗生素应用现状及危害,并提出抗生素滥用的干预对策。     

CAN NATURE TRULY BE OUR FRIEND?

Abstract. The question of whether nature can embody love or be considered in this sense as "friend" is a thorny problem for Christian theology. The doctrines of finitude and sin argue against nature as a realm of love, whereas the doctrine of creation out of nothing, which links God and the creation so forcefully, would seem to argue for such a view of nature. This paper explores the thesis that Western culture has not offered a concept of nature rich enough to allow for an understanding of it as a domain of gracious-ness. From pre-Socratic times through the Enlightenment and the rise of modern science, nature was conceived of as a realm of defect or lacking in creative possibilities. Christian theology has consistently spoken of nature in terms that defy the limitations of the authorized views proposed by the ambient Western cultures. The present times, under the influence of the sciences, have furnished for the first time an authorized concept of nature that is large enough and dynamic enough to entertain the dimension of grace. Consequently, ours is a time of great promise for developing a more adequate theology of nature.     

Robust and powerful nonorthogonal analyses

Numerous types of analyses for factorial designs having unequal cell frequencies have been discussed in the literature. These analyses test either weighted or unweighted marginal means which, in turn, correspond to different model comparisons. Previous research has indicated, however, that these analyses result in biased (liberal or conservative) tests when cell variances are heterogeneous. We show how to obtain a generally robust and powerful analysis with any of the recommended nonorthogonal solutions by adapting a modification of the Welch-James procedure for comparing means when population variances are heterogeneous.This research was supported by a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) grant (# 410-92-0430) to the first author, a Manitoba Health Research Council Scholar Award and a grant from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council to the second author, and a SSHRC Doctoral Fellowship (# 752-92-1628) to the third author. The authors would like to express their gratitude to Joanne Keselman and three anonymous reviewers for their many helpful substantive comments on earlier drafts of this paper.     

Technological Delegation: Responsibility for the Unintended

This article defends three interconnected premises that together demand for a new way of dealing with moral responsibility in developing and using technological artifacts. The first premise is that humans increasingly make use of dissociated technological delegation. Second, because technologies do not simply fulfill our actions, but rather mediate them, the initial aims alter and outcomes are often different from those intended. Third, since the outcomes are often unforeseen and unintended, we can no longer simply apply the traditional (modernist) models for discussing moral responsibility. We need to reinterpret moral responsibility. A schematic layout of a model on Social Role-Responsibility that incorporates these three premises is presented to allow discussion of a new way of interpreting moral responsibility.

Gestion d’une transition et impact sur l’état de santé du personnel

This article is about a case of successful introduction of a technological change in a police department. It presents the links observed between the approach used to manage the transition and the perception that end-users reported regarding their stress, their health condition, and their efficiency at work. End-users of the new system reported a high level of satisfaction towards the method used, with few problems related to their stress, their health condition, and their global efficiency. People who reported such problems also reported more problems integrating the change. Close guidance provided to workers at field level and active support to enhance a fast mastering of the new skills seem to have played a major role.     

"科技的人性化"辨义

科技的人性化近两年来成了学术界讨论的重要问题,但有关“科技的人性化”的含义却较模糊和混乱。对“科技的人性化”进行了概念上的疏理,“科技的人性化”有三层含义：复归科技固有的人性、限定科技的非人性属性的范围、赋予科技以人性关怀。理清“科技的人性化”,将有助于为科技异化的消除寻求到具体途径,有利于科技的健康发展。     

Standard errors of fit indices using residuals in structural equation modeling

The asymptotic standard errors of the correlation residuals and Bentler's standardized residuals in covariance structures are derived based on the asymptotic covariance matrix of raw covariance residuals. Using these results, approximations of the asymptotic standard errors of the root mean square residuals for unstandardized or standardized residuals are derived by the delta method. Further, in mean structures, approximations of the asymptotic standard errors of residuals, standardized residuals and their summary statistics are derived in a similar manner. Simulations are carried out, which show that the asymptotic standard errors of the various types of residuals and the root mean square residuals in covariance, correlation and mean structures are close to actual ones.The author is indebted to the reviewers for their comments and suggestions which have led to an improvement of this work.