Trying to enter the long black branches: some technical extensions of the work of Frances Tustin for the analysis of autistic states in adults

The author suggests a number of technical extensions/clinical applications of Frances Tustin's work with autistic children, which are applicable to the psychoanalysis of neurotic, borderline and psychotic adults. These are especially relevant to those individuals in whom early uncontained happenings (Bion) have been silently encapsulated through the use of secretive autosensual maneuvers related to autistic objects and shapes. Although such encapsulations may constitute obstacles to emotional and intellectual development, are consequential in both the relational and vocational spheres for many analysands and present unending challenges for their analysts, the author demonstrates ways in which it may be possible to detect and to modify these in a transference-centered analysis. A detailed process of differential diagnosis between autistic states and neurotic/narcissistic (object-related) states in adults is outlined, along with several clinical demonstrations of the handling of a variety of elemental terrors, including the 'dread of dissolution.' The idiosyncratic and perverse use of the analytic setting and of the analyst and issues of the analysand's motivations are considered and illustrated. A new model related to 'objects in the periphery' is introduced as an alternative to the more classical Kleinian models regarding certain responses and/or non-responses to transference interpretation. Issues a propos the countertransference are also taken up throughout.     

Healing the wounds of our fathers: intergenerational trauma, memory, symbolization and narrative

This paper explores the history of psychoanalytical approaches to intergenerational trauma, both from the Freudian and from the Jungian schools, and addresses the need when we speak of intergenerational or transmitted trauma to better define the nature and the different categories of trauma with particular reference to extreme and cumulative traumas such as those experienced by the survivors of the Nazi death camps and the Russian gulags. Therapy with survivors and with their children requires a particular adaptation of analytical technique as what is at stake is not so much the analysis of the here and now of the transference and countertransference dynamics which indeed can in the early stages be counterproductive, but the capacity of the analyst to accept the reality of the trauma with all its devastating and mind-shattering emotions without losing the capacity to imagine and to play metaphorically with images, essential if the patient is to be able to create a space for representation.     

胃癌患者影像检查技术的合理选择

随着X线钡餐造影、计算机断层扫描、磁共振成像、超声检查及正电子发射体层摄影等技术的不断发展,各种影像检查方法在胃癌的诊断、术前分期及术后评价等方面被广泛应用,但各种检查技术都有各自的优缺点,我们应该根据胃癌患者的实际情况为其选择正确合理的影像检查技术。     

中文阅读中的认知滞后效应

该研究应用EyelinkⅡ眼动仪,采用眼动随动显示技术操纵注视点左侧文本被掩蔽词汇的范围,考察中文阅读过程中词汇加工的认知滞后效应。结果发现:掩蔽词n以左的文本可严重影响被试的总阅读时间;掩蔽词n-1以左文本则不影响被试的总阅读时间。结果表明,相对于注视位置,中文阅读的认知过程存在明显的滞后效应。     

Anxiety: the importunate companion. Psychoanalytic theory of castration and separation anxieties and implications for clinical technique

In this article I consider the implications of our differing psychoanalytic theories of anxiety on clinical technique. Drawing on differentiations between the focus on separation or castration anxiety and the relative neglect of the latter in contemporary writing, I look in detail at two clinical examples of psychoanalysis in borderline young adults to exemplify the issue. 1     

Differential Factors in the Testing of Personality: II. Differences in Maturity

ABSTRACT

The evoking freedom or “but you are free” (BYAF) technique is a social influence tactic that offers recipients the freedom to accept or decline a request. This research tested the effectiveness of the evoking freedom technique in two field experiments. Participants were asked either to complete a survey (Experiment 1) or to allow a stranger to borrow their mobile phone to make a call (Experiment 2) on an urban university campus. Half of the requests involved language that evoked freedom, and half of the requests were direct. In both experiments, results showed significantly greater compliance in the evoking freedom condition. This research extends previous work by demonstrating the effectiveness of the technique using a high-stakes request and in a culture other than that of France, where the majority of evoking freedom studies have been conducted.     

Cooperation in Ethnically Diverse Neighborhoods: A Lost‐Letter Experiment

Several studies suggest a negative impact of ethnic diversity on cooperation, but most of them rely on attitudinal and other indirect measurements of cooperation or are derived from the artificial laboratory setting. We conducted a field experiment based on the lost‐letter technique across 52 neighborhoods in Berlin, Germany. The study has two aims. First, we investigate whether the negative effect of ethnic heterogeneity on cooperation holds for concrete cooperative behavior in a real‐world setting. Second, we test the most prominent psychological mechanism that has been proposed to explain the negative effects of heterogeneity on cooperation, namely in‐group favoritism. We do so by experimentally varying the ethnicity and religion of the senders of letters. We find strong support for the negative effect of ethnic diversity on cooperation. We find no evidence, however, of in‐group favoritism. Letters from Turkish or Muslim organizations were as often returned as those from German and Christian organizations, and the ethnic diversity effect was the same for all types of letters.     

议程与习惯性反应对学习时间分配的影响：来自眼动的证据

采用眼动记录技术,操作三种词对位置,探讨议程与习惯性反应对学习时间分配的影响。实验一设置无时间限制条件,结果发现,20名大学生被试均优先选择左边的项目,项目的自定步调学习时间不存在词对位置效应。结果表明,被试的习惯性反应影响项目选择,不影响自定步调学习时间。实验二设置有时间限制条件,结果发现,20名大学生被试均优先选择容易项目并分配更多的时间学习容易项目,且容易项目的选择存在词对位置效应。结果表明,议程驱动主导被试的项目选择和自定步调学习时间,但不能完全消除习惯性反应对项目选择的影响。     

缓慢的力量——Ilizarov技术在中国微言

1950年前苏联骨科医师Ilizarov发现了牵张成骨技术,应用模仿自然的缓慢牵伸力能治愈复杂创伤骨折、骨与软组织的缺损、感染和肢体的严重畸形.这种治疗模式既不同于传统骨科手术技术,也不同于现代的创伤骨科的骨折内固定接骨(AO)技术或截骨矫形技术,这些技术的特征之一就是迅速进行骨的固定和矫正畸形.以每天1mm为特征的Ilizarov技术,不仅解决了缺损和畸形中的骨的问题,而且解决了包括血管、神经、肌肉和皮肤在内的其他软组织的生长问题,对骨科一些创伤和畸形的效果无以伦比.由于诸多原因,在我国的传播不够广泛,还需要各方努力,来一起推动该技术的发展和应用.     

导言：外固定与肢体重建——符合生态医学的新学科

29岁的内蒙古青年,15年前车祸伤致小腿肌肉广泛坏死,遗留整个小腿皮包骨头,重度马蹄内翻足,用足背负重行走,去过多个大医院检查都建议膝关节下截肢,在秦泗河的矫形骨科用细钢针穿骨安装骨外固定器（Ilizarov环式外固定器）,术后通过缓慢牵伸,足内翻畸形完全矫正,可以用足底全负重弃拐行走,避免了截肢。在秦泗河矫形外科用这项技术治疗的5000多例患者中,已经挽救了30多例濒临截肢的下肢残缺畸形,使许多无望、悲观的患者重新迈上了新生活。