Psychologist qualifications in Europe: Common standard for quality and mobility

Abstract: Over the past 10 years a European standard for psychology education and training (EuroPsy) in Europe has been developed through two European Union (EU)‐funded projects. This development has been supported by political initiatives within Europe, in particular the so‐called Bologna process and the new EU Directive on qualifications, which is intended to facilitate professional mobility. The EuroPsy standard applies to professional psychologists at the initial qualification level, namely, independent practice. It requires 6 years of education and training, which include 1 year of supervised practice. The article describes these developments and some critical issues.     

医疗保险费用控制的临床路径研究——胰腺炎医疗保险费用结算标准的确定

临床路径是现代医院管理的前沿技术之一,对于提高医疗服务质量和降低医疗费用具有现实意义。通过对急性胰腺炎病人的临床路径研究,探讨了我国临床实践中临床路径的实施方法,并在此基础上进一步研究了该疾病医疗保险费用结算标准的分类标准。     

Stereotypes and implicit social comparison: Shifts in comparison-group focus

Stereotypes affect how people understand implicit comparisons. In two studies, people judged the comparison implied by a statement (e.g., “Math is easy for me,” “I’m really aggressive”) made by an African-American, White, or Asian-American male. Counter-stereotypic comments, such as the African-American saying he was “bad” at basketball, caused participants to think the target was comparing himself to his narrow ingroup; stereotypic statements caused people to infer that the comparison group was broader. When compared to a fixed standard (all people in USA), evidence that people used stereotypes consistently emerged. Whether motivated or not, by narrowing the comparison standard when presented with a counter-stereotypic case, participants constructed an understanding of the target that protected the stereotype from challenge.     

从中药的安全性谈中药产业的危机管理

药物的安全性是药物评价的首要标准。《欧盟传统药品法案》对中药的技术壁垒和我国对某些中药的毒副作用的披露,使得中药的安全性问题日益突出,使得中药产业面临前所未有的危机。对中药安全性的理性认识是扩大其国内市场占有率、走向国际市场所必须突破的瓶颈,也是中药产业危机管理的必由通道。这是一场深刻的文化革命。     

Ambiguity in Our Technical Society

The spiritual situation at the turn of the millennium can be interpreted through Paul Tillich's appropriation of modernity, by analysis of the determinative structures and decisive trends of our age. The methods and organization of industry determine modern society. Spiritually, this situation results in the proliferation of means without ends, the objectification of natural structures, and the reduction of persons to things. Extrapolating from Tillich's analysis, the spiritual situation at the turn of the millennium can be understood as a quasi-religious struggle between the movements of liberal individualism and multiculturalism, both of which lose the sense of ambiguity. The communitarian movement and related interpretations remain the minority voice offering a mediating position.     

技术创新对提高医疗服务质量驱动力的探析

技术创新在人类发展史上起着里程碑式的作用,同样推动现代医学快速进展和持续进步。医疗技术是医疗质量的核心,技术创新能够全方位提升医疗服务质量。结合国内外医疗相关技术创新的现况和医院实践,剖析了技术创新在提升医疗服务质量中的驱动作用,结合自身实践,从医疗设备技术创新、医学信息技术创新、医学技术创新思维和理念这三个方面,对技术创新促进医疗服务质量提升的实现途径进行探讨,为持续改进和不断完善医疗服务质量提供新的思路和手段。     

牙髓病治疗过程的历史回顾与哲学思考

牙髓病的发生原因遵循多因素的模式,牙髓病的治疗方案的研究历程顺应该病发生原因研究进程和认识,在牙髓病治疗过程中体现了技术更新的跃进方式更新和渐进形式更新,说明一项新技术替代原有技术,实现了旧质向新质的转换,而疾病的防治需要科学的策略和措施。     

中学生科技创造力和课外科技活动关系的测查研究

运用创造性能力测验与中学生课外科技活动调查表,对初中预备班,初二及高二年级学生共２７５名作测查,结果表明：中学生的科技创造力和课外科技活动存在很显著的相关;中学生的科技创造力水平受学校、年级、性别的影响：重点中学优于非重点中学,高二优于初中预备班及初二,男优于女。     

Prepubertal social gender transitions: What we know; what we can learn—A view from a gender affirmative lens

ABSTRACT

?Background: This article provides a review and commentary on social transition of gender-expansive prepubertal youth, analyzing risks, and benefits based on a synthesis of research and clinical observation, highlighting controversies, and setting forth recommendations, including the importance of continued clinical research.

Methods: This article involved: (1) a review and critique of the WPATH Standards of Care 7th edition guidelines on social transition; (2) a review and synthesis of empirical research on social transition in prepubertal children; (3) a discussion of clinical practice observations; (4) a discussion of continuing controversies and complexities involving early social transition; (5) a discussion of risks and benefits of social transition; and (6) conclusions and recommendations based upon the above.

Results: Results suggest that at this point research is limited and that some of the earliest research on young gender-expansive youth is methodologically questionable and has not been replicated. Newer research suggests that socially transitioned prepubertal children are often well adjusted, a finding consistent with clinical practice observations. Analysis of both emerging research and clinical reports reveal evidence of a stable transgender identity surfacing in early childhood.

Discussion: The authors make recommendations to support social transitions in prepubertal gender-expansive children, when appropriate, as a facilitator of gender health, defined as a child's opportunity to live in the gender that feels most authentic, acknowledging that there are limitations to our knowledge, and ongoing research is essential.     

Scientific misconduct: The lessons of time

Conclusions Pascal’s paper indicates how far we have come. Now as then, however, there is a need to reflect from outside the cocoon of our agencies, institutions, and disciplines to behold the enterprise that shapes both our behavior and our interpretations of it. For the boundary separating propriety from impropriety continues to move. Just as science, and the knowledge it begets, continues to evolve, so must our collective standards. The lessons of time include this: ORI or biomedical research is no island; each is connected to a body of practitioners who are accountable to a society that is ever-more skeptical of expert knowledge and the institutions entrusted with its development. We are participants in a process of “continuous improvement”, not occupants of a state of grace. For the good of the enterprise we cherish, it is best that we all remember that. The views expressed here are the author’s own and reflect neither those of NSF nor of the National Science Board.