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581.
Michael Ruse 《Zygon》1988,23(4):413-416
Abstract. I agree with George Williams's most significant point: both questions and answers about our moral natures lie in our biological origins. He fails, however, to show that nature is morally evil and that therefore we should vigilantly resist it. The products of evolution are morally neutral, but the human moral sense is arguably a positive good. Morality is functional. It does not require ultimate justification in the sense of correspondence with or attack upon reality "out there." It is an adaptation "intended" to make us social, and sociality—with its sense of right and wrong—makes us fitter than otherwise 相似文献
582.
Kelly L. Hyde M.A. John D. Burchard Ph.D. Katy Woodworth B.A. 《Journal of child and family studies》1996,5(1):67-82
Efforts to reform services for children and their families in Baltimore City have included providing Wraparound services to youth returned or diverted from out-of-state residential treatment. We briefly present the history and evolution of the system reform efforts in Baltimore City that were necessary to support the implementation of a Wraparound model of service delivery. The characteristics of the Wraparound service model is presented along with the referral pathway of the youth into the service system, the components of the service delivery system and an overview of step-down services and linkages utilized to transition the youth. Data are presented that demonstrate the level of community adjustment of a subset of the 121 youth served through the Wraparound model in contrast to the level of community adjustment achieved by nonequivalent comparison groups. We discuss the use of report card type of outcome measures, its user-friendly features, limitations, and the developmental steps needed to refine it further. 相似文献
583.
Cohen HL 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1994,61(2):295-306
Health in Housing initiated a behavioral program of education and skills training for children and adults in a community of 30,000 persons living in substandard conditions in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. To measure achievement in the long-range project, 21 families of Flor del Campo participated in a preliminary three-part survey of their (a) health, (b) housing and the environment, and (c) family history. Doctors, designers, and educators worked with Honduran personnel in the first survey. Following functional analyses of the home and surrounding environment and the physical status of the individuals living there, procedures provide the family with treatment and training for home and environment improvement. Graphic, verbal, and numerical data, incorporated into a master computerized system, record events of each family member: training programs experienced, health care delivery courses taken, medical treatments, growth of children, literacy changes, educational courses completed, kinds and amounts of foods eaten, household and building materials purchased. Ongoing functional analysis and a long-range evaluation are made of the progress of each participating individual in a family. Teams revisit each house to observe and record any changes in the physical and environmental facility and the health and life-styles, and to report any indications of new health problems or recurrences. 相似文献
584.
David K. Carson Ph. D. Mary Araquistain F.N.P. M.S.N. Betty Ide Ph.D. Bernita Quoss Ph.D. Randy Weigel Ph.D. 《Journal of child and family studies》1994,3(2):157-174
We examined the relationship between potential family vulnerability factors (stressor and strains), manifestations of maladaptation (family discord and distress), family strengths (hardiness), and measures of bonadaptation (quality of life) as reported by 188 men and women representing 100 Idaho farm and ranch families. Family strains, and stressors unique to farming and ranching, were positively associated with family discord and distress but negatively associated with hardiness and quality of life. Greater family hardiness as reported by both wives and husbands was positively correlated with their perceptions of family quality of life. The results have implications for mental health professionals and family life educators whose goal is to help farm and ranch families manage stress more effectively, increase hardiness, and enhance their overall quality of life. 相似文献
585.
Kris Byron Sejin Keem Tanja Darden Christina E. Shalley Jing Zhou 《Personnel Psychology》2023,76(1):249-278
Although organizations increasingly rely on teams to innovate, little systematic knowledge exists about how to design teams to do so. Building on the model of collaborative creativity and innovation and synthesizing findings from published and unpublished studies, this meta-analysis examines the role of team design on team creativity and innovation. We used random-effects meta-analysis to cumulate the correlations between different features of team design and team creativity or team innovation from 134 field studies representing 11,353 teams and 35 studies representing 2,485 student teams. We found that team tenure is curvilinearly related, autonomy-supportive leadership, task interdependence, and goal interdependence are positively related, and demographic diversity and team size are unrelated to team creativity and innovation. Examining meta-analytic path models, we found that task interdependence and supportive leadership positively relate to team creativity and innovation via team collaboration and team potency. In accounting for the literature, we found a dearth of studies examining team processes, some types of diversity such as racial diversity, and the role of team member turnover. We conclude by providing directions for future research and practical guidance about increasing team creativity and innovation through team design. 相似文献
586.
587.
本研究旨在探讨流动儿童心理韧性、社会认同及文化适应的关系。采用青少年心理韧性量表、流动儿童社会认同量表、流动儿童文化适应困难量表对北京市932名流动儿童进行了调查。经过分析发现:(1)女生、未转学、家庭收入高、父母教育程度高、公立学校的流动儿童文化适应更好;(2)流动儿童的心理韧性对其文化适应的直接预测效应显著;(3)流动儿童的心理韧性可以分别通过老家总认同和城市总认同间接影响文化适应,也可以通过老家总认同和城市总认同的整合更好地间接影响文化适应。 相似文献
588.
Harrison和Klein (2007)将团队人口统计特征多元化划分为分离、多样和不平等三种类型。借鉴这一分类, 运用元分析的方法检验了不同类型的团队人口统计特征多元化对团队绩效的影响, 以解释以往多元化研究结论不一致的原因。基于中外137篇论文(345个效应值, 79639个团队)的元分析结果显示, 多样型多元化对团队绩效有正向影响, 而分离型多元化和不平等型多元化对团队绩效的主效应并不显著。调节效应检验显示, 团队人口统计特征多元化与不同类型绩效的关系存在显著差异, 且团队人口统计特征多元化与绩效的关系在不同国家地域和不同类型团队中也存在显著差异。研究结果有助于跨国企业和中国本土企业通过合理的多元化管理来提升团队和企业绩效。 相似文献
589.
本研究探讨了观察者与观察目标存在相对运动时视觉系统对目标数量特征的适应后效的皮层映射特征, 并与对比度适应后效的映射规律进行比较。包括两项实验。其中, 实验一要求被试在适应目标后转换注视点, 考察眼跳后相同和不同视网膜区域以及相同和不同空间区域的适应后效, 发现数量适应后效具有部分空间-皮层映射特性, 而对比度适应后效则表现出完全的视网膜-皮层映射特征。实验二采用固定的注视点, 考察目标运动后目标原位置和新位置区域的适应后效, 发现数量适应后效不完全依赖于视网膜-皮层映射, 它可以“追随”客体运动重新映射到新的位置, 表现出基于客体映射的特征, 而对比度适应后效则完全依赖于视网膜-皮层映射, 不能“追随”客体移动在目标新位置重新形成映射。两项实验结果提示, 相对于对比度等低级表面特征而言, 数量特征对目标的描述涉及更高的加工水平, 它可以与观察目标的相对运动信息进行整合, 且这种整合在眼跳和非眼跳的观察条件下都可发生。 相似文献
590.