Teaching and Learning Logic in a Virtual Learning Environment

Teaching and learning in a virtual learning environment (VLE)poses some difficulties, but also challenges and opportunitiesto rethink the whole learning process, particularly in abstractsubjects like logic or high level mathematics. On the otherhand, resources and ways to work, now available in VLEs, mightsoon extend to all kinds of environments. In this paper, wewill present experiences at the Open University of Catalonia(UOC), a particular VLE, concerning the whole process of teachinglogic and mathematics. In addition, we will discuss some challengesand we will present some innovation projects allowed by thepresent and near future technologies.     

教师教学效能感和工作倦怠的关系

为探讨教师效能感与其工作倦怠之间的关系,利用教师教学效能感问卷和工作倦怠问卷对247名中学教师进行施测。结果表明（1）教龄长短和婚姻状况对教师的个人教学效能感（p〈O．01）、人格解体（p〈0．01）和成就感降低（p〈o-01）具有显著的影响;（2）教师的一般教育效能感对其工作倦怠的耗竭因素具有显著的预测作用（p〈0．01）;（3）教师的个人教学效能感对其工作倦怠的人格解体（p〈0．01）和成就感降低因素（p〈O．01）具有显著的预测作用。     

智力个体差异研究述评

智力差异是心理学领域智力研究和个体差异研究的一项重要内容。近年来,研究者对智力个体差异的内在机制从不同角度提出了解释,随着认知领域相应研究的发展,陆续出现了4种研究取向：因素取向、参数取向、策略取向和适应性取向。文章在简要介绍4种取向的内涵、产生的历史背景的基础上,综述了各个取向相关的研究成果,特别是最新进展。已有研究表明,四种取向在解释个体智力差异本质方面都还存在着一定问题,未来的研究需要努力构建比较全面的智力差异理论;从认知加工和神经机制研究相结合的角度恰当解释智力差异;同时加强对非认知因素的关注     

中学生学习策略发展研究

采用调查问卷法,以自编的《中学生学习方式量表》对初一至高三800名学生进行了调查。结果发现：初中生对学习策略的掌握和运用水平尚不稳定,初三学生的学习策略水平出现明显的下降趋势,高中生对学习策略的掌握运用达到自控水平;初中、高中男、女生间学习策略水平存在显著差异,女生学习策略整体水平显著高于男生,随年级的提高,部分学习策略水平的性别差异有逐渐缩小的趋势;学习成绩与学习策略存在显著正相关。     

浅谈脂肪肝的诊治策略

脂肪肝已成为威胁国人健康仅次于病毒性肝炎的第二大肝病。通过对脂肪肝发病机制、发病原因、诊断方法和防治措施的深入研究,能够确定行之有效的诊治策略。针对病因和(或)诱因进行预防,走出在脂肪肝治疗上的误区,对遏制脂肪肝的日益严重的发病趋势和降低医疗费用有着十分重要的意义。     

恶性肿瘤高发态势与肿瘤学教学现状的思考

恶性肿瘤的发病率及病死率日渐增高,成为21世纪威胁人类健康、导致死亡的主要疾病。在我国,肿瘤已经成为常见病。本文从肿瘤高发的态势与肿瘤学飞速发展的现状出发,分析我国肿瘤诊治整体水平与医学院校肿瘤学课程设置及教学相对滞后的状况,阐述了新形势下加强医学院校在本科生基础医学教育中强化与改革肿瘤学课程的重要性和必要性。     

Training parent implementation of discrete-trial teaching: effects on generalization of parent teaching and child correct responding

Behavioral skills training was used to teach 3 parents to implement discrete-trial teaching with their children with developmental disabilities. Parents learned to implement discrete-trial training, their skills generalized to novel programs, and the children's correct responding increased, suggesting that behavioral skills training is an effective and efficient method of teaching discrete-trial teaching to parents.     

加减法问题大小效应的加工机制

有关问题大小效应的加工机制存在两类不同的解释。初期的提取理论认为,问题大小效应是由算术知识的储存表征的各种特征所决定的。后期研究开始关注如计数、分解这样的非提取策略在问题大小效应形成中的作用,认为大问题任务中更低的提取效率和非提取加工效率以及更多采用非提取策略都会造成算术任务的问题大小效应。由于加法和减法中使用的各种加工策略的比重不同,所以表现为不同形式的问题大小效应。今后研究应该考虑采用不同的研究手段,并统一划分大问题和小问题的标准     

The Effect of Decision Strategy on Deciding to Defer Choice

Recent research has examined consumer decision making when the option of not choosing any of the alternatives is also provided. The findings from this research suggest that the decision to defer choice is sensitive to the uncertainty of choosing the most preferred option from the set of alternatives provided. Building on this research, the author tests whether the decision to defer choice is also influenced by task variables that influence decision uncertainty. In the first experiment, this proposition is tested for choice problems in which information on three relatively equally attractive alternatives is presented either sequentially or simultaneously. As predicted, the preference for the defer-choice option was greater when the three alternatives were presented simultaneously. A second study forced subjects into using one of four decision strategies in order to choose between two non-dominated alternatives. The preference for the no-choice option was found to be higher when the rule required explicit attribute tradeoffs and lower when it simplified choice. These results suggest that choice uncertainty is influenced by the decision strategy used to determine the preference among alternatives. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of the results for marketers' communication strategies.     

项目突显方式对视觉搜索策略的影响

搜索策略是将视觉注意导引到目标最可能出现位置的直接认知控制。本研究采用眼动跟踪技术与视觉搜索时间——鼠标点击时间的分离技术,探讨计算机视觉界面不同项目突显方式下的搜索策略问题。结果表明：（1）有无项目突显方式、不同的突显有效性水平,被试采用了导向式和序列式两种不同的搜索策略;（2）被试采用导向式搜索策略时,被试在第一个感兴趣区域首注视点百分比小于58.3％,在视觉搜索过程中的注视点数量明显较小、扫视轨迹长度和注视时间明显较少;（3）被试采用序列式搜索策略时,被试在第一个感兴趣区域首注视点百分比大于58.3％,在视觉搜索过程中的注视点数量明显较多、扫视轨迹长度和注视时间明显较长;（4）采用导向式的视觉搜索策略能显著减少被试的视觉搜索时间,提高视觉搜索的绩效,但不能显著减少被试的鼠标点击时间;（5）因为视觉界面上突显的设置改变了用户的搜索策略,所以提高了视觉搜索绩效。