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771.
Bipasha Ahmed 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2008,18(1):54-67
The aim of this paper is to illustrate the difficulties faced by teachers of issues related to ‘race’ and racism in psychology when trying to develop anti‐racist practice in their teaching. I argue that the promotion of anti‐racist practice can be impeded by the institutionalised cultures of some psychology departments and that such cultures have developed out of an over‐reliance on positivist ideas. Positivism obscures the fact that knowledge is constructed from positions of power and privilege, which in turn obscures the social and ideological construction of ‘race’. This is clearly a problem when trying to develop anti‐racist practice in teaching. It also leads to fixed ideas about what should be included in teaching content and what can be considered as good pedagogical practice, where notions of ‘balance’ and ‘neutrality’ are advocated, effectively overriding arguments for understanding the dynamics of knowledge production. It also obscures the power and privilege associated with workings of ‘whiteness’. I illustrate this by presenting examples from my own experiences of teaching ‘race’ issues on undergraduate degree courses. I conclude with suggestions for developing anti‐racist teaching by proposing a collective reflexive approach to changing institutional cultures that are currently at odds with anti‐racist practice. I also invite further discussion and suggestions on how best to achieve such collective conscientisation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
772.
Karin C.A. Bongers Ap Dijksterhuis Russell Spears 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2009,45(3):468-477
People are motivated to establish and maintain a positive self-image. When people fail to attain their goals self-esteem is threatened, and this elicits the motivation to protect or repair self-esteem. We investigated whether success and failure to attain goals affects self-esteem if these goals were unconsciously activated. In three experiments, we tested and confirmed the hypothesis that self-esteem is indeed affected by success and failure to attain unconsciously activated goals. In two additional experiments, we demonstrated that people were motivated to protect or restore self-esteem after failure to attain an unconsciously activated achievement goal. 相似文献
773.
Aïna Chalabaev Brenda Major Philippe Sarrazin 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2009,45(4):991-994
We predicted that adopting a performance-approach vs. performance-avoidance goal would lead to physiological responses characteristic of psychological states of challenge vs. threat appraisals, respectively. Furthermore, we predicted that these states would mediate the effects of goals on performance. Twenty-seven undergraduate females performed a task described as identifying either exceptionally strong performers (performance-approach goal) or exceptionally weak performers (performance-avoidance goal). Participants’ cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) was recorded while they performed the task. As predicted, participants in the performance-approach goal condition performed better on the task than did those in the performance-avoidance goal condition. Also as predicted, those in the former condition exhibited a challenge pattern of CVR whereas those in the latter condition exhibited a threat pattern of CVR. Furthermore, physiological responses mediated the effects of performance-based goals on performance. 相似文献
774.
BRUCE JENNINGS 《Metaphilosophy》2009,40(3-4):425-437
Abstract: This essay examines the goals of care and the exercise of guardianship authority in the long-term care of persons with Alzheimer's disease and other forms of chronic, progressive dementia. It counters philosophical views that deny both agency and personhood to individuals with Alzheimer's on definitional or analytic conceptual grounds. It develops a specific conception of the quality of life and offers a critique of hedonic conceptions of quality of life and models of guardianship that are based on a hedonic legal standard of "best interests." As an alternative, it proposes a conception of quality of life based on the notions of "semantic agency" and "memorial personhood." 相似文献
775.
In this article an overview is presented of the emergence of medical psychology in the care of somatically ill patients. The
situation in the Netherlands can be considered as prototypical. For 60 years, clinical psychologists have been working in
general, teaching and academic hospitals. Nowadays, they are an integrated non-medical specialism working in the medical setting
of hospitals in the Netherlands, and are a full-member of the medical board. This paper discusses several topics: the position
of the general hospital in the health care system in the Netherlands, the emergence of medical psychology in Dutch hospitals,
the role of the professional association of medical psychologists, and the characteristics of patients seen by clinical psychologists.
Following the discussion about the situation of medical psychology in other countries, recommendations are formulated for
the further development of medical psychology in the Netherlands as well as in other countries. 相似文献
776.
Kath Engebretson 《Journal of Beliefs & Values》2009,30(2):193-204
This is the second in a series of four papers which seeks to articulate theologically and practically the consequences of the ecclesial identity of the Catholic school. The series is based on the principle that the ‘marks’ of the Church – one, holy, catholic, and apostolic – are also marks of the Catholic school, since the Catholic school is within the Church and derives its ecclesial identity from the Church. Each paper analyses one of these ‘marks’, discerning what it means theologically and practically for the Catholic school. In this paper, the second of the marks of the Church and therefore of the Catholic school – holiness – is discussed in terms of what it means to be, and to continually become, holy. In reference to a current research project, Christian service programmes in Catholic schools are analysed in regard to what they already contribute to the formation in holiness of Catholic students, but also in terms of what more they may become. It is argued that for their potential for growth in holiness for teachers and students to be fully realised, Christian service programmes need to be more than just charitable works, and that they need to engage critically with inequity and injustice in keeping with the Church’s radical social teaching. 相似文献
777.
778.
Rory C. O’Connor Grant Forgan 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2007,25(4):321-341
The current study investigated the associations among perfectionism, goal adjustment, behavioral activation sensitivity (BAS),
behavioral inhibition sensitivity (BIS), and suicidal thinking. Participants (n = 255) completed the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the BIS/BAS scale, the Goal Adjustment scale, and a measure of
suicidal thinking. The findings showed that socially prescribed perfectionism was the only perfectionism dimension associated
with suicidal thinking. Goal reengagement (but not goal disengagement) is an important construct in the suicidal process.
A series of hierarchical regression analyses showed that goal reengagement moderates and mediates the effect of socially prescribed
perfectionism on suicidal thinking. BIS was also associated with suicidal behavior but its effect was mediated via socially
prescribed perfectionism. The theoretical and treatment implications of the relationships between socially prescribed perfectionism,
goal reengagement, and suicidal thinking and between BIS, socially prescribed perfectionism, and suicidal thinking are discussed.
Future research is required to determine whether these relationships are predictive of suicidal thinking and behavior over
time. 相似文献
779.
超微病理学是研究组织细胞超微结构、病理改变以及相关的功能的基础医学学科,专业性较强,内容庞杂。本文就结构与功能、普遍性与特殊性、平面与立体、局部与整体、量变与质变等多层面,揭示超微病理学内的辩证关系,对超微病理学及其相关学科的教学与研究提供思路。 相似文献
780.
心理史学的发展给心理学史的教学与研究带来如下启示:心理学史专业工作者应加强史学修养,明确自己的史学研究立场和原则;心理学史不只是心理学的学科发展史,也是人类社会历史发展的缩影;从拒绝到接受精神分析作为一种史学研究方法的态度转变,蕴涵着当代人文社科研究发展的趋势和走向。 相似文献