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911.
关系-表征复杂性模型的检验 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
目前有关问题难度的观点多是不全面的,在综合前人研究的基础上提出了关系-表征复杂性模型。在该模型里,区分了问题难度和问题解决难度两个概念,二者的本质分别是关系复杂性和表征复杂性;关系复杂性包括水平复杂性和等级复杂性,表征复杂性相应地包括表征广度和表征深度。以172名小学高年级学生为被试,以长方形面积问题方面的三种测验收集的数据对该模型的内部和外部效度进行了检验,结果表明它能够有效解释问题(解决)难度,区分优、中、差三类学生所能达到的表征复杂性。这说明该模型有理论价值 相似文献
912.
913.
Gerhard Schurz 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》2001,32(1):65-107
Normic Laws and the Significance of Nonmonotonic Reasoning for Philosophy of Science. Normic laws have the form ‘if A then normally B’. They have been discovered in the explanation debate, but were considered
as empirically vacuous (§1). I argue that the prototypical (or ideal) normality of normic laws implies statistical normality
(§2), whence normic laws have empirical content. In §3–4 I explain why reasoning from normic laws is nonmonotonic, and why
the understanding of the individual case is so important here. After sketching some foundations of nonmonotonic reasoning
as developed by AI-researchers (§5), Iargue that normic laws are also the best way to understand ceteris paribus laws (§6).
§7 deals with the difference between physical and non-physical disciplines and §9 with the difference between normicity and
approximation. In §8 it is shown how nonmonotonic reasoning provides a new understanding of the protection of theories against
falsification by auxiliary hypotheses. §10, finally, gives a system- and evolution-theoretical explanation of the deeper reason
for the omnipresence of normic laws in practice and science, and forthe connection between ideal and statistical normality.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
914.
加工速度、自我监控对认知操作的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本研究用认知操作的部分内容,探索了青少年在认知操作活动中年龄、自我监控、加工速度对认知操作的影响,研究发现:本研究结果表明,年龄对自我监控有显著的负效应,对认知操作有显著的正效应,自我监控对加工速度有非常显著的正效应,对认知操作有显著的负效应,加工速度对认知操作有显著的负效应。 相似文献
915.
应对量表(COPE)测评维度结构研究 总被引:25,自引:3,他引:22
该文旨在对应对量表(COPE)的测评维度结构进行进一步的鉴别分析和验证研究。研究一对736名大学生的应对量表中文修订本(C-COPE)测评数据进行探索性二阶因素分析;研究二根据已有研究关于应对量表测评维度组构模式的不同结论,以及研究一的结果,提出十个假设模型,采用验证性因素分析测试这些模型与另一大学生样本(N:465)测评数据的拟合度。研究结果支持C-COPE八因子斜交模型。该量表如何进一步修订也在文中予以讨论。 相似文献
916.
Leonor I. Lega Albert Ellis 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2001,19(4):201-222
This paper reviews and discusses the results of five cross-cultural studies in Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Spain, and USA, using 2 (college students vs. their parents) × 2 (males vs. females) MANOVA match group designs with the Attitudes and Beliefs Inventory subscales as dependent variables, two multicultural studies investigating the relationship between some demographic variables (Pan American Health Organization's Index of Violence, and Acculturation) and people's Irrationality, and two multidisciplinary studies on the relationship between some medical conditions (skin diseases, and severity of symptoms during menopause) and Irrational Beliefs. 相似文献
917.
918.
919.
Anne E. Kazak Lamia P. Barakat Melissa Alderfer Mary T. Rourke Kathleen Meeske Paul R. Gallagher Avital Cnaan Margaret L. Stuber 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2001,8(4):307-323
This study presents initial data validating the use of a new instrument, the Impact of Traumatic Stressors Interview Schedule (ITSIS), to assess the occurrence of cancer-related posttraumatic stress in childhood cancer survivors and their mothers. Sixty-six child/adolescent cancer survivors and 64 of their mothers, as well as 130 young adult survivors, completed the ITSIS and other measures of posttraumatic stress and general distress. Five ITSIS factors were identified for the mothers and for the young adult survivors, and three ITSIS factors were identified for the child/adolescent survivors. Factors in all three samples reflected symptoms of posttraumatic distress, concern over medical late effects, communication, and changes in self due to cancer. Only young adult survivors had a factor reflecting a positive engagement with the cancer history. Factors correlated with validation measures in predicted ways. The findings further the conceptualization of posttraumatic stress in pediatric cancer by describing the traumatic experience for survivors and mothers. Comparing factors across samples allows an examination of different influences of cancer within families and over the course of development. 相似文献
920.
Effectiveness of a Comprehensive Worksite Stress Management Program: Combining Organizational and Individual Interventions 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
David C. Munz Jennifer M. Kohler Carl I. Greenberg 《International journal of stress management》2001,8(1):49-62
A comprehensive worksite stress management program consisting of self-management training and a stressor reduction process was evaluated in a pre-post, treatment-control design in four comparable facilities. Results showed that over a 3-month period those individuals attending self-management training improved on emotional well-being measures. Organizational data suggested that their work-units' productivity increased and absenteeism decreased over the same period. Results support the value of combining self-management training and stressor reduction to produce positive individual and organizational outcomes. 相似文献