幼儿教师心理资本、职业压力与工作绩效:应对方式的中介作用

为探索幼儿教师心理资本、职业压力和应对方式对工作绩效的影响,选取成渝两地幼儿教师共328名,用教师心理资本问卷(TPCQ)、幼儿教师工作压力源问卷(KTOSQ)、简易应对方式量表(SSWC)、教师工作绩效量表(TJPS)进行调查。结果表明:(1)控制学校性质、每月收入、教师教龄和年龄影响后,幼儿教师心理资本对工作绩效有显著积极影响,职业压力对工作绩效有显著消极影响。(2)幼儿教师积极应对部分中介心理资本对工作绩效的影响,消极应对部分中介职业压力对工作绩效的影响。以上研究结果对保护和提升幼儿教师工作绩效具有重要价值。     

Neural correlates of subliminally presented visual sexual stimuli

In the context of forensic psychiatry, it is crucial that diagnoses of deviant sexual interests are resistant to manipulation. In a first attempt to promote the development of such tools, the current fMRI study focusses on the examination of hemodynamic responses to preferred, in contrast to non-preferred, sexual stimuli with and without explicit sexual features in 24 healthy heterosexual subjects. The subliminal stimulus presentation of sexual stimuli could be a new approach to reduce vulnerability to manipulation. Meaningful images and scrambled images were applied as masks. Recognition performance was low, but interestingly, sexual preference and explicitness modulated stimulus visibility, suggesting interactions between networks of sexual arousal and consciousness. With scrambled masks, higher activations for sexually preferred images and for explicit images were found in areas associated with sexual arousal (Stoleru, Fonteille, Cornelis, Joyal, & Moulier, 2012). We conclude that masked sexual stimuli can evoke activations in areas associated with supraliminal induced sexual arousal.     

教师期望对幼儿人格的影响:师幼关系的中介效应

研究选取634名幼儿为被试,采用问卷法,应用多层线性模型,在班级和个体两个层面上,探讨教师期望对幼儿人格的影响,并考察师幼关系的中介效应。研究表明：（1）个体层面和班级层面教师期望对师幼关系均有显著预测作用。（2）个体层面上教师期望对人格智能特征、认真自控、外倾性和亲社会性有显著的预测作用;班级层面,班级平均教师期望对认真自控有显著预测作用。（3）个体层面上,师幼关系是教师期望影响人格的认真自控、外倾性、亲社会性和情绪稳定性的中介变量;班级层面上师幼关系无显著的中介作用。     

The effects of social desirability bias on applied measures of goal orientation

This research examined the extent to which social desirability responding influences two measures of goal orientation tailored to work (VandeWalle, 1997) and academic (Midgley et al., 1998) domains. Method bias analyses indicated a significant negative influence of social desirability on responses to learning goal items, and a significant positive influence of social desirability responding on performance-avoid goal items, with the VandeWalle scale showing larger effects than the Midgley et al. scale. Performance-approach goal items showed minimal effects of social desirability responding. Results are discussed with respect to the use of these measures in larger models of motivation and performance.     

班主任教师班级管理效能感对学生学习态度及其与学业效能间关系的影响

研究目的在于验证班主任教师的班级管理效能感对学生学习态度等方面有正向预测作用及其对学生学业效能和学习态度间的关系具有调节作用的假设。通过对109个班级的班主任教师和3066名三到六年级的小学生进行问卷调查,多层线性模型(HLM)分析结果表明:(1)在控制学生性别影响时,学生的学习态度、学习方法和学习技术存在显著的班级水平差异;学生学业效能对学生学习态度、学习方法和学习技术有显著的预测作用,且这一影响强度存在显著的班级水平差异。(2)在控制教师所教年级的影响下,班主任教师班级管理效能的高低对学生学习态度、学习方法和学习技术的班级差异具有显著的预测作用,班主任教师班级管理效能感高的班级,学生学习态度越积极;(3)班主任教师班级管理效能感对学生学业效能与学生学习态度和学习方法之间的关系具有显著的调节作用,班主任教师班级管理效能感越高,学生学业效能对学习态度和学习方法的影响越弱,反之班主任教师管理效能感低的班级,学生学业效能感对学习态度的影响较大。     

自我理论研究及其对教育的启示

自我理论是指人们关于自我的信念体系或内隐理论。德韦克等人自20世纪60年代末开始系统研究自我理论对人的认知、情感与行为的影响及其发生发展的机制,并构建了基于自我理论的动机模型。本文试图对其研究成果做一简要介绍,并浅析自我理论研究成果对教育工作的启示。     

教师教学风格的调查研究

采用教师教学风格量表(TST1),对142名教师的教学风格进行了调查。结果表明：(1)从总体上看,教师的教学风格以激进型、立法型、评判型和整体型四种教学风格为主,这四种教学风格是相对复杂、有创造性、效率较高的教学风格;(2)相对于教龄较短的教师,教龄在20年以上的教师教学风格更加倾向于保守型;(3)相对于文科教师,理科教师和其它学科教师更加倾向于执行型教学风格;(4)一般教师相对于高效能教师更加倾向于执行型、保守型的教学风格,而执行型、保守型是相对简单、效率低和不受欢迎的教学风格(5)1—4年教龄教师中高效能教师的比例远低于5年以上教龄的教师,说明教师进入成熟阶段以后在教学经验、教学风格等方面不断完善,教学效能得以极大提高。     

价值观与大学生寻求社会支持的关系研究

在大学学习阶段,各种青年期不可避免的问题和大学生所特有的紧张与压力极大地影响着大学生的健康成长。尽管家长、同学、老师和朋友都可能为他们提供有效的社会支持与帮助,然而他们在遇到困难或烦恼时却很少主动寻求帮助,造成这种现象的原因是多方面的,如个体需要帮助的原因,个人价值观、对自我的评价、对帮助者意图的分析等,本文主要研究和探讨了价值观对大学生寻求社会支持与帮助的影响,并初步揭示了它们之间的相互关系。     

全面深入理解“以人为本”

以人为本是一项符合人类文明发展趋势并指导当代社会发展的重要原则 ,是科学发展观的核心内容。以人为本并非只有西方人文主义那样的理解 ,它既是一种共同价值观和价值取向 ,又是一种思维方式 ,同时还是一种执政理念。     

Division of Labor Among Lesbian and Heterosexual Parenting Couples: Correlates of Specialized Versus Shared Patterns

One of the central tasks that couples face in coparenting is the division of labor. In this study, we explored division of family labor among lesbian and heterosexual couples who were parenting 4 to 6 year-old children. Sixty-six families, half headed by lesbian couples and half headed by heterosexual couples, participated in the study. Measures of parental attitudes, resources, demographics, and division of labor were collected. As expected, lesbian couples were more likely to divide paid and unpaid labor evenly, whereas heterosexual couples were more likely to show specialized patterns, with husbands investing more time in paid employment and wives devoting more time to unpaid family work. Structural variables (e.g., husband's hours in paid employment) were the best predictors of division of labor among heterosexual couples. Among lesbian couples, however, ideological variables (e.g., ideas about ideal divisions of labor) were the better predictors. Discrepancies in occupational prestige were greater among heterosexual than among lesbian couples. Discussion centers on the ways in which gender and sexual orientation may relate to couples' decisions about division of labor.