Work values system development during adolescence

Work values stability, change, and development can be appreciably reduced to a living system model [Ford, D. H. (1994). Humans as self-constructing living systems: A developmental perspective on behavior and personality (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates]. This theoretical model includes discrepancy-reducing and cohesion-amplifying mechanisms that interact to govern the change in standard- and goal-oriented work values over time [Boldero, J., & Francis, J. (2002). Goals, standards, and the self: reference values serving different functions. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6(3), 232-241]. Employing longitudinal data from a sample of adolescents (n = 1010) spanning the 9th through the 12th grades, the results demonstrate that the value system develops in a theoretically predictable fashion during the adolescent period. Discrepancy reduction and cohesion mechanisms interact to either maintain or increase the integrity of and harmony between standard-oriented values associated with high school part-time work experiences and goal-oriented work values related to anticipated career-oriented work during adulthood. Exploratory analyses suggest that adolescents’ educational expectations influence the relative salience of standard- and goal-oriented work values and the discrepancy reduction process linking the two over time.     

The anatomy of credibility: A conceptual framework of valued career helper attributes

Research on the qualities and characteristics that individuals value in those from whom they seek “career help” is very limited. Existing studies provide little insight into the meaning behind the labels individuals use to identify valued qualities and characteristics. We address this neglected area using qualitative interviews based on life story method whereby individuals identified informal and professional career helpers and the qualities and characteristics they valued in these helpers. Meanings are explored, qualities and characteristics conceptualized and a new conceptual framework showing the relationship between concepts is developed. Findings give rise to a discussion about the value and meaning of knowledge, impartiality, power and influence from the perspective of individuals in receipt of career help, and in so doing we challenge some commonly accepted discourse about these concepts in the academic and professional careers literature.     

医学教育环境测量评价的实践与探索

重点讨论了医学教育环境测量和评价在医学教育改革中的地位和作用,在借鉴国外先进经验的基础上,在教育环境评价和教师评价方面提出了重视学生感受,重视教育环境的动态评价,科学公正地评价教师,建立全面系统的分析方法,建立评价的分析反馈机制等看法.     

Effects of route guidance variable message signs (VMS) on driver behaviour

Effects of route guidance Variable Message Signs (VMS) on speed and route choice were investigated in a field study on two sites on motorways. Two VMS were used in the study, which displayed information about a closed road section downstream on the motorways and recommendations for alternative routes. Route choice, speed and braking behaviour were compared between vehicles approaching the VMS while they displayed messages and while they were left blank without message. There was high compliance with the messages on the VMS. About every fifth vehicle changed route choice according to the recommendation, and almost none drove as far as the closed road section. Speed measurements of 3342 vehicles showed large speed reductions, and video observations showed that large proportions of vehicles braked while approaching the VMS. The speed reductions and braking manoeuvres can partly be attributed to attention overload or distraction due to the information on the VMS. However, a proportion of the speed reductions was due to chain reactions where one vehicle braked and forced the following vehicles to brake or change lanes in order to avoid collisions. Safety problems may result directly from distraction, or indirectly from the reactions of the drivers to the distraction.     

学校心理健康教育教师胜任力培养初探

学校中小学心理健康教育的效果与其教师的胜任力有关。心理健康教育教师胜任力特征可以概括为：职业理念与专业意识、职业人格特质、专业知识与技能等。要提高中小学校心理健康教育教师胜任力,应从胜任力特征分析角度出发,设计相关课程与活动传授心理健康知识与技能,并将内隐心理健康教育理念及其人格特质融合于其中。     

新教师教育体制下本科心理学实验室建设的挑战与对策

随着基础教育课程改革的逐步深入,教师教育体制改革势在必行。面对教育界深刻的变革,高等师范院校本科心理学实验室的建设和发展正在面临历史上从未有过的挑战,一场实验观念、实验内容、实验设备、实验方法和实验管理上的大改革自然呼之欲出。     

对中学教学中教师运用情感因素的现状调查

针对中学教师在教学中运用情感因素现状的大规模问卷调查,结果表明,重知轻情现象在当前的中学教学中十分普遍,并主要表现在虽有一定认识却鲜于教学实践的状况上,其原因主要是缺乏情感教学方面的理论和方法上的指导,也为一些误解所致,而市区和郊区中学、重点和非重点中学在这方面存在的问题基本一致,不存在明显差异。     

Maltreated Children's Emotional and Behavioral Problems: Do Teachers and Parents See the Same Things?

We examined whether parent/caregivers and teacher/therapists differ in their perceptions of the behavior problems of young maltreated children. The sample consisted of 33 maltreated preschoolers (58% neglected, 24% sexually abused, 18% physically abused, 59% African American, 41% Caucasian) enrolled in a metropolitan-area treatment center providing an educational/intervention program for maltreated children and their families. Most (82%) of the participant families had an annual income of $10,000 or less. Parent/caregivers and teacher/ therapists provided data about the children, employing the Colorado Child Temperament Inventory, Child Behavior Checklist, and Preschool Behavior Questionnaire. The results indicate that the teacher/therapists and the parent/caregivers perceived the same child as behaving differently. Implications concerning how teachers and parents might communicate are discussed, as well as possible reasons for the two different perceptions of the same child. Three potential reasons for the differences are that they are due to the different perspectives of parents and teachers in assessing child behaviors, to situational variation in child behavior (e.g., home versus school), or to some combination of both effects.     

幼儿教师职业压力、心理资本和职业认同对职业幸福感的影响机制

为探索幼儿教师职业压力、心理资本和职业认同对职业幸福感的影响机制,随机选取川渝两地幼儿教师328名,用幼儿教师工作压力源问卷(KTOSQ)、幼儿教师职业认同问卷(KTPIQ)、教师心理资本问卷(TPCQ)和幼儿教师职业幸福感量表(KTOWBS)进行调查.结果表明:(1)幼儿教师职业压力是风险性因素,降低其职业幸福感.心理资本是保护性因素,提高其职业幸福感,且心理资本的保护作用主要表现为直接效应;(2)幼儿教师职业认同在职业压力和心理资本对职业幸福感的影响中起完全中介作用.以上研究结果对保护和提高幼儿教师职业幸福感具有重要理论价值和实践意义.