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排序方式: 共有1357条查询结果,搜索用时 78 毫秒
981.
In the current study, late Chinese–English bilinguals performed a facial expression identification task with emotion words in the task-irrelevant dimension, in either their first language (L1) or second language (L2). The investigation examined the automatic access of the emotional content in words appearing in more than one language. Significant congruency effects were present for both L1 and L2 emotion word processing. Furthermore, the magnitude of emotional face-word Stroop effect in the L1 task was greater as compared to the L2 task, indicating that in L1 participants could access the emotional information in words in a more reliable manner. In summary, these findings provide more support for the automatic access of emotional information in words in the bilinguals’ two languages as well as attenuated emotionality of L2 processing. 相似文献
982.
The impact of contextual information and a secondary task on anticipation performance: An interpretation using cognitive load theory
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Oliver R. Runswick André Roca A. Mark Williams Neil E. Bezodis Allistair P. Mcrobert Jamie S. North 《Applied cognitive psychology》2018,32(2):141-149
When performing under severe time constraints, sports performers use kinematic and contextual information to facilitate anticipation. We examined the relative importance of these two information sources and their impact on cognitive load and anticipation performance. Cognitive load theory predicts that adding more information sources to a task will increase cognitive load in less‐skilled but not skilled performers. Skilled and less‐skilled cricket batters anticipated deliveries from bowlers on a life‐size screen under 4 conditions that manipulated access to contextual information and included a secondary task. The presence of context enhanced anticipation accuracy for both skilled and less‐skilled groups, without affecting cognitive load. Skilled performers used sequencing and game‐related contextual information in addition to kinematic information to facilitate anticipation, whereas both groups reported using information pertaining to opponent positioning. Findings highlight the importance of context in anticipation and suggest that the addition of context may not necessarily negatively impact cognitive load. 相似文献
983.
Kyoko Yamagata 《The Japanese psychological research》2001,43(3):130-140
This study analyzed the process underlying the emergence of representational drawing. Eighty-seven children aged 1–3 years were asked to color or draw either a simple picture (P) or a contour for an object (DC) in a shared task. After that, they were asked to draw their mother on a blank sheet of paper in a no drawn contour task (NC). Whereas 1½- and 2-year-olds were more successful in the P task than in the DC task, the 2½- and 3-year-olds were successful in both. The 2-year-olds were better in the DC than the NC task. The results show that 1½- and 2-year-olds can extract the component parts of a drawing even though they cannot produce them and children over 2½ years old can organize these components into a drawing by themselves. These findings indicate that representational drawing is based on the extraction of the component parts and the acquisition of the drawing ability to combine the parts into a drawing and that the beginnings of representational drawing are found in 1½- and 2-year-old children. 相似文献
984.
任务图式对文章修改的影响研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本研究探讨任务图式对文章修改的影响。高低水平的作者先完成一个写作任务,再修改文章的初稿。修改时,实验组学生先接受关于正确修改的任务图式指导,控制组学生则直接进行修改。实验结果表明,任务图式指导有明显的主效应,高低水平作者均提高了对字面错误与意义错误的正确修改,而水平间的差异主要表现在意义错误的修改上。本研究还分析了任务图式指导对修改的字数(包括改变意义与保留意义的字数)、修改的句法水平(包括字、词和句子)以及修改的方式(包括插入、替换、删除和移动句子)的影响。 相似文献
985.
This project assessed an intervention to improve employee customer service behaviors (correct greetings and closing behaviors). A combination of task clarification and manager‐delivered social praise resulted in increased correct greeting from 11.5% to 66% and correct closing from 8% to 70%. The effect was maintained at a 48‐week follow‐up for employees who were present during the initial study period, but not for more recently hired employees. The results suggest that task clarification combined with manager‐delivered social praise is an effective way to improve employee customer service behaviors. 相似文献
986.
Jerger S Damian MF Spence MJ Tye-Murray N Abdi H 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2009,102(1):40-434
This research developed a multimodal picture-word task for assessing the influence of visual speech on phonological processing by 100 children between 4 and 14 years of age. We assessed how manipulation of seemingly to-be-ignored auditory (A) and audiovisual (AV) phonological distractors affected picture naming without participants consciously trying to respond to the manipulation. Results varied in complex ways as a function of age and type and modality of distractors. Results for congruent AV distractors yielded an inverted U-shaped function with a significant influence of visual speech in 4-year-olds and 10- to 14-year-olds but not in 5- to 9-year-olds. In concert with dynamic systems theory, we proposed that the temporary loss of sensitivity to visual speech was reflecting reorganization of relevant knowledge and processing subsystems, particularly phonology. We speculated that reorganization may be associated with (a) formal literacy instruction and (b) developmental changes in multimodal processing and auditory perceptual, linguistic, and cognitive skills. 相似文献
987.
The main issue of this study was to determine whether cognitive control is affected by acute moderate exercise. Twelve participants [4 females (VO2 max = 42 ml/kg/min) and 8 males (VO2 max = 48 ml/kg/min)] performed a Simon task while cycling at a carefully controlled workload intensity corresponding to their individual ventilatory threshold. The distribution-analytical technique and the delta plot analysis [Ridderinkhof, K. R. (2002). Activation and suppression in conflict tasks: Empirical clarification through distributional analyses. In W. Prinz & B. Hommel (Eds.), Common mechanisms in perception and action. Attention and performance (Vol. 19, pp. 494–519). Oxford: Oxford University Press.] were used to assess the role of selective response inhibition in resolving response conflict. Results showed that cognitive processes appeared to be differently affected by acute moderate exercise. Reaction time results confirmed that performance is better (faster without change in accuracy) when the cognitive task is performed simultaneously with exercise. Between-trial adjustments (post-conflict and post-error) highlighted that cognitive control adjustments are also fully efficient during exercise. However, the effect of congruency (Simon effect) appeared to be more pronounced during exercise compared to rest which suggests that the response inhibition is deteriorated during exercise. The present findings suggest that acute moderate exercise differently affects some specific aspects of cognitive functions. 相似文献
988.
条件推理的类比转换运用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
该文通过2个实验研究旨在探究将演绎推理和类比推理结合在一起的四卡条件推理的类比转换运用的特点。结果表明:1)假设检验的条件推理过程在特定的实验条件下,表现出推理过程转换的心理加工特点;2)改善问题的陈述形式,使之和样例问题一样,能够降低推理过程转换的难度,促进推理过程转换的成绩;3)2个样例归纳的图式促进同形问题的解答,却对推理转换过程有抑制作用。 相似文献
989.
The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) was created to assess real-world decision making in a laboratory setting and has been applied
to various clinical populations (i.e., substance abuse, schizophrenia, pathological gamblers) outside those with orbitofrontal
cortex damage, for whom it was originally developed. The current review provides a critical examination of lesion, functional
neuroimaging, developmental, and clinical studies in order to examine the construct validity of the IGT. The preponderance
of evidence provides support for the use of the IGT to detect decision making deficits in clinical populations, in the context
of a more comprehensive evaluation. The review includes a discussion of three critical issues affecting the validity of the
IGT, as it has recently become available as a clinical instrument: the lack of a concise definition as to what aspect of decision
making the IGT measures, the lack of data regarding reliability of the IGT, and the influence of personality and state mood
on IGT performance. 相似文献
990.
Object permanence, the ability to mentally represent objects that have disappeared from view, should be advantageous to animals
in their interaction with the natural world. The objective of this study was to examine whether lemurs possess object permanence.
Thirteen adult subjects representing four species of diurnal lemur (Eulemur fulvus rufus, Eulemur mongoz, Lemur catta and Hapalemur griseus) were presented with seven standard Piagetian visible and invisible object displacement tests, plus one single visible test
where the subject had to wait predetermined times before allowed to search, and two invisible tests where each hiding place
was made visually unique. In all visible tests lemurs were able to find an object that had been in clear view before being
hidden. However, when lemurs were not allowed to search for up to 25-s, performance declined with increasing time-delay. Subjects
did not outperform chance on any invisible displacements regardless of whether hiding places were visually uniform or unique,
therefore the upper limit of object permanence observed was Stage 5b. Lemur species in this study eat stationary foods and
are not subject to stalking predators, thus Stage 5 object permanence is probably sufficient to solve most problems encountered
in the wild. 相似文献