CD4＋调节性T细胞与多脏器功能障碍综合征免疫功能紊乱

免疫功能紊乱是多脏器功能不全综合征发生的重要原因之一,其机制仍不明了。本文概述CD4＋调节性T细胞在免疫紊乱发生机制中的作用,及其潜在的治疗价值,拓宽MODS的免疫调节治疗的思路。     

移植协调员在DCD工作中的角色和作用

器官捐献是器官移植事业发展的基石,而协调员在器官捐献工作中则有着举足轻重的地位和作用。自2010年3月我国推行人体器官捐献试点工作以来,适合中国国情的DCD工作成为器官捐献工作的重中之重。如何充分发挥协调员在DCD工作中的作用,提高DCD捐献率和供体转化率,以有效地促进和推动DCD工作,是急待探讨和解决的问题。本文结合...     

Target-mask shape congruence impacts the type of metacontrast masking

Visual metacontrast masking may depend on the time intervals between target and mask in two qualitatively different ways: in type-A masking the smaller the mask delay from target the stronger the masking while in type-B masking maximal masking effect is obtained with a larger temporal delay of the mask. Variability in the qualitative apperance of masking functions has been explained by variability in stimuli parameters and tasks. Recent research on metacontrast masking has surprisingly shown that both of these types of functions can be found with an identical range of stimulation parameters depending on individual differences between observers. Here we show that obtaining clear-cut type-A masking depends on whether target and mask shapes are congruent or incongruent and whether observers use the cues available due to the congruence factor. Conspicuously expressed type-A masking is selectively associated with incongruent target-mask pairings. In the latter conditions target identification level significantly drops with the shortest target-to-mask delays.     

认识脑死亡

脑死亡是指脑功能永久性不可逆的完全丧失,而不考虑呼吸心跳是否停止。目前脑死亡临床诊断标准已具有高度准确性。脑死亡的确立对树立新的道德观念、节约社会资源、促进器官移植发展意义重大,但要在中国立法可能还需要一个漫长的过程。     

解读我国首部全国性人体器官移植法规

我国首部全国性人体器官移植法规《人体器官移植技术临床应用管理暂行规定》即将于今年7月1日起实行,标志着长期以来困扰我国器官移植领域无法可依局面的结束,它必将为推动我国的器官移植事业做出不可估量的贡献,为下一步其他相关法律法规的制定提供更多的理论指导和实践依据。分析了该法规的特点,并对其存在的问题提出了思考意见。     

死亡标准与器官移植时的伦理痛苦与法律的无奈

死亡是一个过程。基于纯功利主义考虑,为了增加可移植器官的供应量而人为规定的脑死亡标准,将这一过程提前了。由此,面对生命垂危、处于弥留之际的同胞,人类也永远摆脱不了良心的拷问,永远要生活在道德的焦虑和不安之中,感受着法律的无助与无奈。     

Understanding Motor Awareness Through Normal and Pathological Behavior

ABSTRACT— Data on patients with localized brain damage and on neurologically intact subjects show that normal motor control depends on the functionality of a chain of neurobiological events. These events, through the activation of internal representations of the desired, predicted, and actual condition of one's body with respect to the external world, contribute to the construction of conscious knowledge of voluntary actions and to self-awareness.     

应紧急叫停活体捐献器官

“不伤害原则”是医学的基本要求。活体摘取器官,则意味着要对另一人造成重大伤害,不如顺其自然。死刑犯其人身自由受到严格限制,又是处在一个相对封闭的环境(监狱)之中,因此,虽有死刑犯生前关于“自愿捐献器官”的书面签字,也难以证明其是真正出于自愿。故器官移植应禁止以死刑犯作为供体来源。     

When is the gift given? Organ donation,social representations,and an opportunity to register

The gift of life doctrine underpins Australia's approach to organ donation: in legislation, clinical practice, community awareness campaigns, and educational activities. In this paper, we present an approach that situates an understanding of organ donation within a social representation framework as a system of values, ideas, and practices. In cadaveric donation, the final giving‐of‐the‐gift can never be by the donor, leading us to ask where the potential donor's decision to give the gift really lies. We present research from three studies that explored the relationship between what was socially understood about organ donation and the registration of donation intent. Drawing from three socially and culturally diverse populations, we asked people working in a corporate city institution and those attending two football matches in the outer city area to complete a word‐association task and Likert‐scale belief questions about organ donation—followed by an opportunity to register immediately on the Australian Organ Donor Register. Driven by the interdependent themata of life/death and self/other, the gift of life doctrine is inextricably linked with the loss of life emerging as both positive and negative beliefs allowing their relationship to actual registration behaviour to be observed. Our findings suggest that in many instances, the potential donor's genuine desire to give the gift lies in the tension between positive and negative beliefs, manifesting as a consent registration when the positive beliefs about donation prevail and an immediate opportunity to register is available.     

非稳态噪声对动物行为及心脏自由基损伤的影响

本研究用采集的多用木工机床和冲击电钻发出的噪声对 5天、1 0天和 2 0天三个噪声干扰组的动物进行干扰 ,以研究非稳态噪声对动物行为及心脏组织自由基损伤的影响。结果发现 ,非稳态噪声可引起动物旷场反应中走格数减少 ,站立及洗脸次数增加 ,并可诱发心脏组织的自由基反应 ,导致心脏组织的损害。因此得出结论 :①非稳态噪声可以对动物行为产生影响 ,并随着噪声暴露时间的延长而增强 ;②非稳态噪声可以造成心脏组织的自由基损伤。这一现象提示自由基损伤是介导噪声对心脏功能影响的重要因素之一。