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71.
72.
Michael F. Jarvis Michael Krieger Gary Cohen George C. Wagner 《Aggressive behavior》1985,11(3):201-205
Target-biting of confined mice increases following delivery of tail shock and decreases during a tone that precedes the shock. Both phencyclidine and chlordiazepoxide reduced biting (dose dependently) following shock and had no effect on biting during the tone. These observations are discussed in reference to previous reports, which infer that the effects of phencyclidine and chlordiazepoxide on aggression might depend upon the baseline rate of the behavior. 相似文献
73.
This study asked whether ducklings' forceful pecks at a nonliving target object could be validly identified as aggressive. Previously isolated ducklings were exposed to a small cylindrical object that could serve as a target for aggressive pecks and as an object for attachment. After initially attempting to flee from the target, they vigorously pecked at it and also showed signs of the formation of a social (imprinting) attachment. In all important respects this pattern of behavior was identical to the pattern of escape, aggressive pecks, and attachment seen when a previously isolated duckling first encounters a conspecific. Social housing, a manipulation which attenuates aggression against live targets in ducklings and other species, reduced pecking at the nonliving target object. Early aversive stimulation, which enhances aggression against live targets, increased pecking at the object. These findings support the use of nonliving targets in the study of aggression in ducklings. 相似文献
74.
Kennon A. Lattal Anthony C. Oliver 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2020,113(1):77-86
Resurgence experiments sometimes include an operandum on which a history of reinforcement has not been experimentally established. The purpose of this control operandum is to rule out a generalized increase in responding when the alternative response is extinguished as being the cause of the resurgent target response. A review of the results of experiments conducted with both nonhumans and humans in which a control operandum was included shows that control- operandum responding is more common in the latter and almost nonexistent in the former. Both the presence and absence of responding on the control operandum, however, are subject to multiple interpretations thereby rendering it a compromised tool. Alternatives to using a control operandum to rule out extinction induction as the basis for resurgence include a preresurgence test control procedure and a differential resurgence procedure. 相似文献
75.
《Journal of Religion, Spirituality & Aging》2013,25(3-4):169-195
SUMMARY The final building block is deciding what program fits ministry goals, congregational resources and skills, and the needs of the older adults who will benefit from this ministry. A final form is used to choose, from the many options gathered in the previous steps, which ministries to begin, at this time, for this group of people, with these specific resources, be they congregational resources or those from community collaboration. Choosing target dates for specific tasks and assigning those tasks to specific committee member is crucial for success. The place of attendance in declaring success or failure is discussed. Using the OAM mission statement as a basis for continuing evaluation is suggested. 相似文献
76.
Egbert Zavala Xavier Guadalupe-Diaz 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2013,22(9):1069-1090
Criminological theories traditionally used to explain crime and deviance have now been applied to explain physical intimate partner violence (IPV) experienced by heterosexual and LGBQ victims. Notably missing, however, are studies that test theories that explain why individuals may become victims of emotional abuse by sexual orientation. To this end, we applied target congruence theory to examine the influence of target vulnerability, gratifiability, and antagonism on emotional abuse experienced by college students. Data obtained from two public universities (Heterosexuals=366, LGBQ=113) showed partial support for the theory, with target vulnerability consistently predicting emotional abuse victimization regardless of sexual orientation. 相似文献
77.
Information provided by 196 U.S. history professors, indicating the degree to which they considered each of the years from 1920 to 1986 threatening to the established order and way of life in America, was pooled to form a social, economic, and political threat (SEPT) index. Interrater reliability was high, and substantial test-retest reliability was evident for a selected subsample over a 6-month period. The index significantly correlated with 11 objective indices of threat, including the suicide rate, unemployment rate, rise and fall of common stocks, and number of military men on active duty. Several studies involving threat and authoritarianism were replicated and in some instances extended with the SEPT index (McCann & Stewin, 1984; Sales, 1972, 1973). The pseudo-archival SEPT index has utility when relatively global estimates of prevailing threat are required for historiometric research testing a diversity of hypotheses gleaned from psychological, sociological, historical, and political science theories. 相似文献
78.
EGFR抗肿瘤靶向治疗药物临床疗效存在明显个体差异,与其疗效敏感性相关的预测标志物能指导临床用药,成为临床关注的热点,本文从哲学的角度思考靶向治疗敏感性预测指标与恶性肿瘤的关系,试图以此为指导,更好地加强临床用药的预见性。 相似文献
79.
糖尿病“达标”教育对控制2型糖尿病的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
孙士杰 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2010,31(7):30-31
为评价"达标"教育对新诊断2型糖尿病(T2DM)监测及控制水平的影响,选取新诊断T2DM患者90例,随机分为两组,实验组进行"控制目标"认知教育,对照组不进行。治疗6个月后,比较两组控制水平。结果实验组与对照组相比,血糖、血压、体重监测及主动拜访专业医生的频次显著为高,血糖、血压、胆固醇控制显著为好。提示对新诊T2DM患者进行"达标"教育可提高DM监测频次及控制水平。 相似文献
80.
FOK产生机制的重新检验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以中文低频字对为学习材料,采用被试内设计的方法对FOK产生机制,即靶项目强度、线索熟悉性以及两者之间联系强度对FOK的影响进行了重新检验。实验结果表明:单独的靶项目强度对FOK判断没有影响,而单独的线索熟悉性对FOK判断存在影响,线索与靶项目联结强度对FOK判断存在影响。线索熟悉性和联结强度对FOK的影响可能相互独立。 相似文献