Teacher identified giftedness qualities in a Ghanaian school setting: A brief report

This study explored the nature and indicators of giftedness in school children from the perspective of Ghanaian school teachers (n?=?30, females?=?40%; age range?=?24 to 60years). The teachers responded to semi-structured interviews. Results from thematic analysis of the data revealed that teachers perceive giftedness to be domain-specific and mostly identified by teachers during instruction of the learners. The teachers were of the view that parents/guardians of the learners are less helpful in the identification of giftedness in their children, as compared to teachers. The findings have some implications for giftedness research in Ghana and beyond.     

Social Validity Assessment of Mindfulness Education and Practices Among High School Students

The authors describe social validity assessment of mindfulness education and practices among high school students (N = 84) participating in a 10-week instructional program. The participants rated their satisfaction with and acceptance of several program components, content areas, and outcomes, as well as their engagement in specific mindfulness practices. Nearly all of the participants rated the program favorably, reported many beneficial effects, and anticipated future use of mindfulness in their lives. They did not routinely perform voluntary formal guided meditations beyond the classroom but did engage in informal mindfulness practices preceding certain activities (e.g., preparing for a test, athletic competition, performance event) and going to sleep at night. The authors discuss these findings and the implications for designing school-based mindfulness education programs.     

社会支持对大学生希望的影响机制:自尊和自我效能感的中介作用

为了探讨社会支持各维度和大学生希望的关系及其自尊和自我效能感在其中的作用机制,采用社会支持评定量表、希望特质问卷、自尊量表和一般自我效能问卷对756名大学生进行调查。结果发现:(1)社会支持的主观支持维度对大学生的希望有着显著的正向预测作用,客观支持和支持利用度两个维度对希望的预测作用不显著;(2)自尊和自我效能感在主观社会支持对希望的预测关系中有非常显著的中介作用,而自我效能感的中介效应更显著。     

大学生共情对利他行为的影响:一个有调节的中介模型

探究大学生共情、幸福感和神经质对利他行为的影响,为促进大学生利他行为提供依据。采用方便取样,选取辽宁省某高校选修课程学生273名,完成中文版人际反应指针量表、神经质人格问卷、幸福感指数量表和大学生利他行为问卷。结果显示:(1) 神经质在共情和利他行为之间起着部分中介作用,也就是说,共情既对利他行为产生直接影响,也通过神经质间接地影响着利他行为;(2) 幸福感是神经质部分中介共情和利他行为关系的调节变量。幸福感调节的是中介作用的后半路径,即共情通过神经质对利他行为的间接效应受到幸福感的调节。具体的说,相对于低幸福感的大学生,间接效应对于高幸福感的大学生更加显著。因此,共情对利他行为的影响是有调节的中介效应。研究结论对增强大学生利他行为有重要的理论价值和实践指导价值。     

Implementing a teacher-student relationship program in a high-poverty urban school: Effects on social, emotional, and academic adjustment and lessons learned

The primary purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of a program designed to improve adolescents' relationships with at least one teacher in an urban high school. All participating students were nominated by teachers as having significant emotional and behavioral problems and approximately half of these youth were randomly assigned to an intervention that included increased positive involvement between each student and one teacher within the school. Teacher ratings of students' social, behavioral, emotional, and academic adjustment at pre- and post-intervention indicated that students in the intervention group had higher grade point averages than did students in the control group following the 5-month intervention but no differences were observed on other variables. Challenges associated with conducting school-based, relationship-focused interventions in high-poverty urban environments and several lessons that were learned in the process of initiating this project are discussed.     

中学生内隐自我价值感特征的实验研究

应用经过修订的内隐联想测验技术和青少年自我价值感量表对230名初中一年级至高中三年组中学生的内隐自我价值感与外显自我价值感的发展水平进行测试与分析。研究结果表明：经过修订的内隐联想测验的实验效果量良好;中学生的内隐自我价值感具有稳定性和一致性特征;内隐自我价值感与外显自我价值感是两个相对独立的结构。     

初中生友谊特征与攻击行为的关系研究

本研究运用社会测量提名法、友谊质量问卷、社会行为同伴提名法考察了586名初一至初三儿童的友谊特征与攻击行为的关系。研究表明,在男女初中生中,不论外部攻击还是关系攻击,一对友伴表现出的攻击行为越多,其同伴接纳程度越低。结果表明,同伴群体可能支持符合性别规范的攻击行为,反对不符合性别规范的攻击行为。友谊受欢迎程度这一外部指标比友谊质量等内部指标对攻击行为的预测更为稳定和可靠。     

小学生预见性偏差及其削弱

采用三种不同去偏差方法,对不同年龄儿童的预见性偏差及削弱进行探讨。实验结果发现,二年级和三年级出现了预见性偏差,五年级没有出现预见性偏差;对于二年级儿童,只有基于理论的去偏差方法才能削弱预见性偏差。而三年级儿童,三种方法都能削弱预见性偏差。结果说明帮助他们建立正确的元认知理论可以有效提高他们元认知监测水平。     

压力和应对策略在女性大学生负性情绪产生中的作用

通过对239名女性大学生的问卷调查,探讨了不同类型的压力和应对策略在负性情绪产生中的作用及其特点。结果表明:(1)压力和应对策略作用于负性情绪的过程模型既存在差异性又存在一致性。学业压力可以直接作用于负性情绪,也可通过消极解决问题策略的中介间接作用于负性情绪;经济压力主要通过消极解决问题和寻求支持策略的中介间接作用于负性情绪;人际压力对负性情绪的产生具有直接作用,也通过消极解决问题和寻求支持策略的中介间接作用于负性情绪;(2)在三种压力情境下,消极解决问题和寻求支持策略对负性情绪的产生均具有重要作用。     

大学生职业价值观：手段与目的

大学生职业价值观研究随着大学生就业问题的加剧变得日趋重要。通过25例深度访谈、60例开放式问卷调查和813例各类大学生调查,建立了大学生职业价值观的四因子的目的性职业价值观和六因子手段性职业价值观模型。并据此编制了大学生目的性职业价值观和手段性职业价值观量表。验证性因素分析结果验证了模型假设高度拟合,同时也证明了目的性价值观对手段性职业价值观所具有的影响。