管子的“禾变”君子观及儒家的“合变”传承——以《管子》为中心

管子的思想对中国影响较大,《管子》的君子观是天地之道,是君子存在的依据,君子的“禾变”智变是君子存在的现实需要,君子境界是静因无为自然境界与“重任”在身的道德境界的结合,君子的核心思想是“禾变”智变,这符合当时社会现实需求。这种“禾变”智变思想与儒家君子观仁义礼智合一的思想不一致,后来儒家君子观在发展上对管子君子观进行了“合变”式地发展传承,既有批判又有吸收,使儒家君子成为理想的社会形象。     

The name of the Piggle: Reconsidering Winnicott's classic case in light of some conversations with the adult ‘Gabrielle’

On the 40th anniversary of its publication, the author re‐reads Winnicott's The Piggle – a case of ‘on demand analysis’ with a child suffering from psychotic night terrors – in light of new information about the patient. Conversations between the author and ‘Gabrielle’ explore two areas not regarded as priorities by Winnicott: the transgenerational transmission of pathology/trauma, and the ways that language, in general – and given names, in particular – organize individual subjectivity. The question raised is to what degree Winnicott – who described the treatment as “psychoanalysis partagé [shared]” due to the parents’ involvement – thought of the pathology itself as ‘shared.’ The goal is not to supplant but to expand Winnicott's understanding of the case, borrowing insights from the work of Lacan and others.     

原发性失眠对睡眠依赖性记忆巩固的影响及机制

现代社会的失眠问题异常突出,其对睡眠依赖性记忆巩固（SDC）的影响日益引起重视。目前,原发性失眠（PI）对陈述性及程序性记忆SDC的影响存在分歧。梳理以往研究发现,系统巩固假说和突触稳态假说所支持的睡眠结构紊乱及脑结构异常可能是PI患者SDC损伤的潜在脑机制。未来研究可考虑同步采集行为、脑电和脑成像数据,深入探究PI影响SDC的脑机制,并验证上述假说;还可尝试通过经颅电/磁刺激和目标记忆重激活等无创性干预措施改善PI患者的SDC效应。     

信任：父母的代内相似和亲子的代际传递

以往研究指出, 信任有其家庭根源。以116个家庭中的子女及其父母为研究对象考察在家庭中, 父母信任水平是否相似, 父母和子女之间是否存在人际信任的代际传递现象。研究采用投资博弈问卷分别测量了子女和父母的信任水平, 并以送出数量和估计返还数量作为信任的测量指标。结果发现：(1)子女和父母在投资博弈中均表现出一定水平的信任, 且父母的信任表现出相似性; (2)在估计返还数量上, 信任表现出代际传递, 且传递存在性别差异：父亲和母亲的信任水平不能预测女孩的信任水平, 能预测男孩信任水平; 父亲对男孩的影响呈J型曲线, 母亲与男孩的信任水平呈倒U型曲线关系。     

A longitudinal intergenerational analysis of executive functions during early childhood

Despite the importance of executive function (EF) in both clinical and educational contexts, the aetiology of individual differences in early childhood EF remains poorly understood. This study provides the first longitudinal intergenerational analysis of mother–child EF associations during early childhood. A group of children and their mothers (n = 62) completed age‐appropriate EF tasks. Mother and child EFs were modestly correlated by 24 months of age, and this association was stable through 48 months. Importantly, maternal–child EF associations were still robust after controlling for verbal ability (potential indicator of verbal/crystallized intelligence) and maternal education (correlate of socio‐economic status and verbal intelligence). Potential implications of these findings as well as underlying mechanisms of the maternal–child EF association (gene–environment interplay) are discussed.     

间接互惠中的声誉机制：印象、名声、标签及其传递

Alexander在1986年提出了间接互惠的概念, 并在次年出版的《道德体系生物学》一书中进行了系统阐述, 用来解释人类道德以及大规模合作行为的起源。间接互惠一经提出就得到了广泛的关注, 研究者基于进化博弈论的视角对间接互惠进行了诸多研究, 认为人群中间接互惠的大量存在是声誉机制的结果, 并提出了诸如印象分数、名声、标签等不同的声誉机制, 但是目前关于声誉机制的研究大都建立在个体信息可被所有他人观察到的假设之上, 多在个体层面展开声誉机制的研究。今后应该注重在信息不充分情景下开展群体层面上声誉传递机制的研究, 探讨间接互惠中心理机制(如信任、公平等)的作用并提高研究的生态效度。     

Neuroscientific Prediction and the Intrusion of Intuitive Metaphysics

How might advanced neuroscience—in which perfect neuro‐predictions are possible—interact with ordinary judgments of free will? We propose that peoples' intuitive ideas about indeterminist free will are both imported into and intrude into their representation of neuroscientific scenarios and present six experiments demonstrating intrusion and importing effects in the context of scenarios depicting perfect neuro‐prediction. In light of our findings, we suggest that the intuitive commitment to indeterminist free will may be resilient in the face of scientific evidence against such free will.     

Witch-mother is which? The potential role of the analyst in facilitating authentic motherhood

Abstract

This paper explores challenges in the treatment of women suffering from disturbances in maternal identification. A review of the psychoanalytic and developmental literature focuses on the frequent finding of early-onset mother–daughter relational disturbance involving maternal narcissistic fragility and exaggerated dependency needs, intergenerational trauma, and related psychopathology including mutual affect dysregulation. A case example of a young woman with a severe anxiety disorder is presented and discussed to illustrate the challenges to the traditional psychoanalytic technique. This patient avoided pregnancy into her late thirties and entered analysis with feelings of inauthenticity, characterological masochism, and a “secret mission” to unmask the witch recurring in her dreams. Through an elaborate working-through of negative maternal transference, the analyst and patient saw through the birth of the patient’s authentic self, a new approach to her career, her relationships with men, and her anticipation of the birth of a child by the sixth year of treatment. The author posits that psychoanalytic technique benefits from contemporary, attachment, and trauma research that supports the analyst’s playing a more active role in approaching, co-regulating, tolerating, and integrating avoided affects and memory traces that are associated with early-onset relational disturbances worsened by the effects of violence, maltreatment, and loss.     

Cooperative strain accommodation over grains in martensitic transformation from Fe-Ni nanocrystalline austenite

This paper reports an investigation of martensitic transformation behaviour from austenite with various grain sizes ranging from 290 nm to 34 μm in an Fe–Ni alloy fabricated by electrodeposition and subsequent heat treatment. We confirmed that martensite morphology changed from lath to thin plate with decreasing the austenite grain size. Crystallographic orientation analysis revealed that the variants of thin plate martensite formed in the austenite with relatively coarse grains achieved self-accommodation of the transformation strain inside one austenite grain. In contrast, the transformation strain accompanying martensitic transformation from the ultrafine-grained or nanocrystalline austenite was not accommodated by the martensite variants formed in one austenite grain but accommodated cooperatively by those formed in the several adjacent austenite grains.     

Destruction and guilt: Splitting and reintegration in the analysis of a traumatised patient

The author traces in detail how, in the analytic relationship, she was slowly able to read aspects of the trauma as 'quotations' and gradually, through transference, transform them into a symbolic language. Split-off aggression and guilt feelings became progressively accessible to interpretation through transferential projective identifi cations. During his analysis, the patient discovered he was the child of Nazi criminals: on his mother's side they were the third generation; on his father's side, the second.