从史瑞伯个案看精神病理论的多路径探究

从弗洛伊德对史瑞伯个案的精神分析研究入手,探讨其后期通过研究精神病所发展的父亲情结及力比多概念,这两个关键概念影响后继者走向不同的研究路径。拉康在想象和象征的维度下重读史瑞伯个案,结构化精神病的病理性人格结构,得出精神病是除权弃绝父亲的名字的结果。德勒兹与伽塔俐从欲望的角度解读史瑞伯个案,继承弗洛伊德对力比多的强调,重视无意识的实在性,反对精神分析过度强调俄狄浦斯情结影响了欲望的流动,主张精神病在实在中自由漫步达到治愈的新见解。

     

Existential Humanistic Therapy with Couples and its Effect on Meaning of Life and Love Attitudes

Abstract

The study aims to explain Existential Humanistic Therapy with Iranian Couples and its Effect on Meaning of Life and Love Attitudes. The population consists of all married couples who have referred to counseling centers, whom 20 couples have been sampled randomly. The sample received psychotherapy training in thirteen sessions. After collecting questionnaires, the results were analyzed by MANOVA multi-variance analysis. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of existential psychotherapy on the participants’ attitude toward meaning in life. The results show that the couples who received existential therapies search more efficiently for meaning in life and try to improve their love attitudes.     

Construction of a Meaning Effectiveness Model: A new interpretation of meaning in life

This paper aims to determine the precise meaning of the word “meaning” in the context of the sense of meaning and to explain the characteristics of meaning and meaning in life. Using ordinary language analysis and phenomenology, this paper defines meaning as the possibility of something to realize its goal: the effectiveness of a thing in realizing the goal. Thus, this paper aims to establish a Meaning Effectiveness Model (MEM), which regards meaning as a function of goal and effectiveness to explain the meaning phenomena, including degree, frequency, stability, adaptive functions, and emerging conditions of meaning. Within the framework of MEM, meaning in life is divided into meaning within life and the meaning of life itself, which have different characteristics. The relationship between the model and existing meaning theories is also discussed.     

Cassirer’s enlightenment: on philosophy and the ‘Denkform’ of reason

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the way in which Cassirer implicitly commented on current issues in his historical studies, proposing a case study on his monograph The Philosophy of the Enlightenment, published in November 1932. It begins with a general overview of a few famous and a few neglected instances of Cassirer’s position-takings through historical studies, before discussing briefly the context in which this monograph was written and examining how the Enlightenment is presented in the monograph from 1932. The paper claims that at the centre of Cassirer’s engagement with the Enlightenment was his concern with the autonomy of reason. The way in which Cassirer elaborated on this further shows that his defense of the Enlightenment was not just directed against the threats of totalitarian politics, but also had the aim of clarifying the nature of philosophy and its place in culture. This, however, the paper concludes, does not refute the notion that Cassirer was concerned with current politics when writing The Philosophy of the Enlightenment. The point is rather that he comprehended philosophy as political just in virtue of its exercising the autonomy that characterizes reason.     

Overcoming Relativism? Levinas's Return to Platonism

Emmanuel Levinas's concept of "the face of the Other" involves an ethical mandate that is presumably transcultural or, in his terms, "precultural." His essay "Meaning and Sense" provides his most explicit defense of the idea that the face has a meaning that is not culturally relative, though it is always encountered within some particular culture. Levinas identifies his position there as a "return to Platonism." Through a careful reading of that essay, exploring Levinas's use of religious terminology and the (some-times implicit) relationships of the essay to the work of other phenomenologists and of Saussure, the author seeks to clarify (1) what Levinas retains and what he rejects in returning to Platonism "in a new way," (2) the sense in which this return constitutes an "overcoming" of relativism, and (3) the nature of the phenomenological warrant that he offers for his position.     

Comparing graphic and symbolic classification in interactive multiobjective optimization

In interactive multiobjective optimization systems, the classification of objective functions is a convenient way to direct the solution process in order to search for new, more satisfactory, solutions in the set of Pareto optimal solutions. Classification means that the decision maker assigns the objective functions into classes depending on what kind of changes in their values (in relation to the current values) are desirable. Here we study the role of user interfaces in implementing classification in multiobjective optimization software and how classification should be realized. In this way, we want to pay attention to the usability of multiobjective optimization software. Typically, this topic has not been of interest in the multiobjective optimization literature. However, usability aspect is important because in interactive classification‐based multiobjective optimization methods, the classification is the core of the solution process. We can say that the more convenient the classification is, the more efficient the system or the method is and the better it supports the work of the decision maker. We report experiments with two classification options, graphic and symbolic ones, which are used in connection with an interactive multiobjective optimization system WWW‐NIMBUS. The ideas and conclusions given are applicable for other interactive classification‐based method, as well. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.