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61.
In a subgroup of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) residual symptoms, interfering with outcome and return to work, are found. With neuropsychological assessment cognitive deficits can be demonstrated although the pathological underpinnings of these cognitive deficits are not fully understood. As the admission computed tomography (CT) often is normal, perfusion CT imaging may be a useful indicator of brain dysfunction in the acute phase after injury in these patients.In the present study, directly after admission perfusion CT imaging was performed in mild TBI patients with follow-up neuropsychological assessment in those with complaints and a normal non-contrast CT. Neuropsychological tests comprised the 15 Words test Immediate Recall, Trailmaking test part B, Zoo Map test and the FEEST, which were dichotomized into normal and abnormal. Perfusion CT results of patients with normal neuropsychological test scores were compared to those with abnormal test scores.In total eighteen patients were included. Those with an abnormal score on the Zoo Map test had a significant lower CBV in the right frontal and the bilateral parieto-temporal white matter. Patients with an abnormal score on the FEEST had a significant higher MTT in the bilateral frontal white matter and a significant decreased CBF in the left parieto-temporal grey matter. No significant relation between the perfusion CT parameters and the 15 Words test and the Trailmaking test part B was present.In conclusion, impairments in executive functioning and emotion perception assessed with neuropsychological tests during follow up were related to differences in cerebral perfusion at admission in mild TBI. The pathophysiological concept of these findings is discussed. 相似文献
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Lauren Eskreis-Winkler Elizabeth P. Shulman Angela L. Duckworth 《The journal of positive psychology》2014,9(3):209-218
Are helping professionals who have experienced the same types of struggles as their clients more engaged at work? In the current investigation, we examine this question in samples of police detectives (with and without a history of violent victimization) and mental health workers (with and without a history of mental illness). Our results indicate that police detectives who have experienced violent victimization and mental health professionals who have experienced the same mental illness as their clients do indeed exhibit greater work engagement than their colleagues who lack these parallel life experiences. The link between a professional’s firsthand experience of his/her client’s hardships and work engagement appears to be partially explained by higher levels of grit among police detectives and by a greater sense of life-narrative continuity among mental health professionals. 相似文献
65.
Emanuele Fino Sergio Melogno Paolo Iliceto Sara D’Aliesio Maria Antonietta Pinto Gabriella Candilera Ugo Sabatello 《Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw》2014,10(2):32-38
Background. Adolescence represents a critical period for brain
development, addressed by neurodevelopmental models to frontal,
subcortical-limbic, and striatal activation, a pattern associated with rise of
impulsivity and deficits in inhibitory control. The present study aimed at
studying the association between self-report measures of impulsivity and
inhibitory control with executive function in adolescents, employing structural
equation modeling. Method. Tests were administered to 434 high
school students. Acting without thinking was measured through the Barratt
Impulsiveness Scale and the Dickman Impulsivity Inventory, reward sensitivity
through the Behavioral Activation System, and sensation seeking through the
Zuckerman–Kuhlman–Aluja Personali- ty Questionnaire. Inhibitory control was
assessed through the Behavioral Inhibition System. The performance at the
Wisconsin Card Sorting Task indicated executive function. Three models were
specified using Sample Covariance Matrix, and the estimated parameters using
Maximum Likelihood. Results. In the final model, impulsivity and
inhibitory control predicted executive function, but sensation seeking did not.
The fit of the model to data was excellent. Conclusions. The
hypothesis that inhibitory control and impulsivity are predictors of executive
function was supported. Our results appear informative of the validity of
self-report measures to examine the relation between impulsivity traits rather
than others to regulatory function of cognition and behavior. 相似文献
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Young drivers (aged 17–25 years) are the highest risk age group for driving crashes and are over-represented in car crash statistics in Australia. A relationship between cognitive functioning and driving in older drivers (60 years and older) has been consistently supported in previous literature, however, this relationship has been neglected in research regarding younger drivers. The role of cognitive functioning in young people’s driving was investigated both independently and within a current model of younger peoples driving performance. With young drivers as participants, driving behaviour, attitudes, personality and cognitive functioning were tested and driving performance was operationalised through two measures on a driving simulator, speeding and lane deviations. Cognitive functioning was found to contribute to driving behaviour, along with driving attitudes and personality traits, in accounting for young people’s driving performance. The young drivers who performed better on cognitive functioning tasks engaged in less speeding behaviour and less lane deviation on the driving simulator than those who performed worse on these tasks. This result was found independent of the role of driving behaviour, driving attitudes and personality traits, accounting for unique variance in driving ability. 相似文献
68.
Simon Paul Clarke 《Qualitative research in psychology》2018,15(2-3):247-259
This article presents an autoethnography in the form of a short story of the experiences of a mental breakdown, and subsequent involuntary detainment, alongside the experiences of conducting PhD research outside the mainstream of the discipline of psychology. In response to criticisms of narrative approaches that they are methodologically solipsistic and present a socially atomised self, this narrative combines patient medical records with narrative recollections and reflections on the research process from a contemporary perspective. In doing so, the narrative explores and interrogates themes relevant to creative practice in psychological research, including the notion of authenticity, methodological issues of researching personal experience, the problem of subjectivity and, ultimately, the nature of madness and psychological distress, including its nonlinearity and otherness. 相似文献
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目的:探究家庭功能在人格特征与网络成瘾之间的中介作用。方法:973名中学生被试完成基本人口学问卷、网络成瘾量表、人格五因素问卷、家庭功能评定量表。结果:(1)人格特征可以显著预测网络成瘾。其中,情绪性人格可以显著正向预测网络成瘾,责任心、宜人性显著负向预测网络成瘾。(2)家庭功能在情绪性、责任心对网络成瘾的影响具有部分中介作用、在宜人性对网络成瘾的影响具有完全中介作用。结论:在治疗中,可针对网络成瘾者的家庭功能进行积极干预,从而减轻其成瘾症状。 相似文献