不同表面特征图片对内隐记忆和外显记忆的影响

该研究选取30名被试,采用任务分离实验研究范式探讨不同表面特征图片对内隐记忆和外显记忆的影响。以32张动物图片为实验材料,其中鱼类和鸟类图片各半。两类图片中一半为黑白图片,另一半为彩色图片,所有实验材料用E—Prime软件呈现在电脑上。结果表明：（1）不同表面特征图片的再认成绩（外显记忆）显著好于偏好再认成绩（内隐记忆）,即外显记忆成绩好于内隐记忆;（2）在再认测验和偏好判断测验中,再认成绩和偏好再认成绩在图片表面特征的两个水平上存在显著差异;（3）控制组的偏好再认成绩显著好于实验组的偏好再认成绩,即控制组的内隐记忆好于实验组。结论：刺激材料的表面特征既是外显记忆的内容,也是影响外显记忆的重要因素;内隐记忆的作业成绩高度依赖于刺激材料的表面特征,刺激材料的表面特征是影响两种记忆的重要因素。     

Word for word: Multiple lexical access in speech production

We report an experiment in which we test the possible influence of the tense of the verb and explicit negatives with indicative conditionals. We tested the effects of systematically negating the constituents of four fundamental inferences based on conditionals in three different tenses (present tense, past tense, future tense): Modus Ponens (i.e., inferences of the form: if p then q; p; therefore q), Modus Tollens (if p then q; not-q; therefore not-p), Affirmation of the Consequent (if p then q; q; therefore p), and Denial of the Antecedent (if p then q; not-p; therefore not-q). The latter two inferences are invalid for true conditionals, but are valid for bi-conditionals (if, and only if, p then q). The participants drew their own conclusions from premises about letters and numbers on cards. We discuss the results in relation to an affirmation premise bias, a negative conclusion bias, and a double negation effect. We outline the importance of our findings for theories about conditional and counterfactual thinking.     

Shear-horizontal surface waves in a half-space of piezoelectric semiconductors

We study the propagation of shear-horizontal waves near the surface of a piezoelectric semiconductor half-space of crystals of class 6 mm with the presence of a biasing electric field in the propagation direction. The three-dimensional equations of linear piezoelectric semiconductors are used. A transcendental equation that determines the dispersion relation is obtained and solved numerically. Results show that the semiconduction affects the wave speed and causes wave dispersion as well as attenuation, and that the waves can be amplified by the biasing electric field.     

Walls and Holes in Psychosocial Research: From Psychoanalysis to Critique

This commentary reflects on the different innovative motifs introduced into psychosocial research by the contributions to this special issue: the risk of oversubjectification in research placing undue emphasis on the individual reasoning or feeling subject, the attempt to link the “feelings” and “talk” about emotion in one interpretative framework, the place of the interview in research which questions rather than reinforces “identity,” the location of subjects in a “place-assemblage” rather than in their own selves, and the reconfiguration of “mindfulness” so that it opens out to social relations rather than evades them. Focussing on the role of psychoanalysis in psychosocial research, I situate these motifs within the analysis of the machinery of “facialization” offered by Deleuze and Guattari, in which the “white wall” of signification is complemented and locked in place by the “black hole” of subjectivity.     

Transverse shear surface wave in a functionally graded material infinite half space

The variable substitution and power-series techniques are used for the asymptotic analytical derivation of the governing equation of a transverse surface wave. The results reveal that the transverse wave can propagate along the surface of a functionally graded infinite half space in various modes, and that their dispersion relations are normal. For certain cases, energy is concentrated on the surface region to a depth of several wavelengths. A new theoretical foundation based on the transverse surface wave can be provided for graded-material characterization by experimental measurement. Some phenomena of seismic wave propagation may also be explained.     

Surface tension measurement of undercooled liquid Ni-based multicomponent alloys

The surface tensions of liquid ternary Ni–5%Cu–5%Fe, quaternary Ni–5%Cu–5%Fe–5%Sn and quinary Ni–5%Cu–5%Fe–5%Sn–5%Ge alloys were determined as a function of temperature by the electromagnetic levitation oscillating drop method. The maximum undercoolings obtained in the experiments are 272 (0.15T _L), 349 (0.21T _L) and 363?K (0.22T _L), respectively. For all the three alloys, the surface tension decreases linearly with the rise of temperature. The surface tension values are 1.799, 1.546 and 1.357?N/m at their liquidus temperatures of 1719, 1644 and 1641?K. Their temperature coefficients are ?4.972?×?10^–4, ?5.057?×?10^?4 and ?5.385?×?10^?4?N/m/K. It is revealed that Sn and Ge are much more efficient than Cu and Fe in reducing the surface tension of Ni-based alloys. The addition of Sn can significantly enlarge the maximum undercooling at the same experimental condition. The viscosity of the three undercooled liquid alloys was also derived from the surface tension data.     

Long-range interaction of radiation-generated self-interstitial atoms and adatoms on tungsten surface

ABSTRACT

The morphological modification of the W surface induced by specimen irradiation with 5?keV He atoms was studied at the atomic level using low-temperature ?eld ion microscope techniques. The major impact-induced damage mode on W {110} surface was found to be the formation of adatom sets produced by radiation-generated self-interstitial atoms emerging at the surface. The long-range interaction was revealed by evaluating the experimental probability density of finding two radiation-generated adatoms at a given separation in comparison with the probability density corresponding to a random distribution of adatoms. The statistically significant difference of these distributions consists of the absence or severe reduction of observed adatom pairs with separations in the range 5–11?Å. The experimental distribution was characterised by a relatively open arrangement of adatoms with the closest separation of about 11?Å. Our field ion microscope observations also reveal the self-organisation of radiation-generated W adatoms into atomic chains with the lateral interatomic separation substantially larger than the nearest-neighbor distance. These effects indicate the existence of long-range interactions between radiation-generated adatoms and radiation-generated self-interstitial atoms in the subsurface region.     

Shear horizontal surface waves in piezoelectric materials with surface stress

ABSTRACT

The propagation of shear horizontal (SH) surface waves in piezoelectric semi-infinite bodies is investigated theoretically. The surface stress exerting on the boundary is taken into account through surface piezoelectricity theory, and the velocity ranges and existence conditions of such surface waves for both electrically open and shorted cases are derived in detail. Analysis results show that the SH surface waves occurring with surface stress are dispersive in contrast to the classical situation, and the propagation characteristics strongly depend on the relative value of surface elasticity, surface piezoelectricity and surface density.     

Tonic postural lean after-effects influenced by support surface stability and dynamics

Tonic neuromuscular processes are evident during lean after-effects, which occur after prolonged standing on a fixed ramp. Postural processes underlying lean after-effects were examined here using dynamic surface conditions. Three tilt adaptation conditions were tested with eyes-closed (n = 11). Tilt adaptation conditions involved standing for 120 s on a fixed toes-up ramp (7°) or on a toes-up sinusoidally tilted surface (7° ± 3°), which was followed by 120 s of standing on either a fixed horizontal surface or sway-referenced surface. All participants showed postural after-effects (p < .003). Specifically, standing on a fixed horizontal surface after sine-tilt adaptation, resulted in forward leaning which decayed over 120 s back to baseline. Standing on a sway-referenced surface after tilt-adaptation, initially showed no lean after-effect, however over the course of the trial the center-of-pressure shifted backward (p < .02). This after-effect during sway-reference conditions was also evident in the sway-induced surface tilt, which increased in dorsiflexion (p < .002), rather than decaying back to baseline. Thus, adaptation occurs on a dynamically tilted surface, while reliability of the surface as a stable reference affects the return of the center-of-pressure and surface tilt to baseline. These findings relate to changes in flexor/extensor muscle tonic set-point which also occur following a prolonged voluntary isometric contraction.