执行功能对个体情绪调节策略使用倾向和调节效果的影响

为了探讨执行功能对情绪调节的作用,通过两个研究分析执行功能对情绪调节策略使用倾向和情绪调节效果的影响。研究1以100名大学生为被试,采用执行功能任务和情绪调节策略问卷考察执行功能与情绪调节策略使用倾向之间的关系;研究2招募了40名大学生被试,采用执行功能任务和情绪调节任务考察执行功能对情绪调节效果的影响,依据执行功能总分对被试进行分组,分析前33%高执行功能被试和后33%低执行功能被试在情绪调节效果上是否存在差异。结果发现,执行功能越低的个体越倾向于选择使用表达抑制策略,执行功能越高的个体使用认知重评策略进行情绪调节的效果更好。     

自我建构对内群体、外群体参照效应的影响

内群体身份被视为群体自我,也存在与个体自我类似的信息精细加工效应,并受到文化的影响。自我建构是文化在个体层面的体现,本研究通过两个实验考察自我建构内、外群体参照信息加工的作用。实验1选用记忆参照实验,实验2选用提取诱发遗忘实验,通过代词圈点法启动自我建构,两个实验共同发现：独立自我建构启动时,存在内群参照效应;而互依自我建构启动条件下,内群体信息加工优势消失,没有出现内群参照效应。     

Event-related brain potentials reveal differences in emotional processing in alexithymia

ABSTRACT

The inability to recognise and describe emotions in the self is known as Alexithymia. In the present study we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine the locus of processing emotional differences in alexithymia. We tested men, both those scoring high (score?>?61) and controls who scored low (score?<?51) on the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 on an emotional face discrimination task. We assessed three ERP components: P1 (an index of early perceptual processing), N170 (an index of early facial processing) and P3 (an index of late attentional suppression). While controls showed a stronger P3 effect for angry faces relative to happy and neutral faces, Alexithymic men showed no significant differences in P3 across emotions. Alexithymic men showed delayed P1 and N170 amplitudes compared to controls. These results suggest that the locus of processing differences between alexithymic men and controls occur both early in perceptual processing and later in conscious processing.     

非目标工作记忆表征下颜色关联和抽象关联的注意捕获和抑制

采用工作记忆—视觉搜索双任务范式,探讨在非目标工作记忆表征下,颜色关联和抽象关联干扰子的注意捕获和抑制现象。实验1结果发现,颜色关联干扰子在快速反应阶段捕获注意,随后被成功抑制;抽象关联干扰子仍能捕获注意。实验2消除知觉凸显后,结果发现颜色关联条件的抑制消失,干扰子重新捕获注意。结果表明,有效抑制策略受不同关联干扰子加工先后顺序的影响,选择性抑制颜色关联干扰子,而颜色特征的凸显有助于抑制策略形成。     

目标性意图与执行性意图调节情绪反应的效果比较

目标性意图和执行性意图作为目标的不同形式,对情绪调节的影响有待探讨。本研究试图考察目标性意图和执行性意图与表达抑制相结合之后,在调节情绪反应方面的作用。实验采用主观报告和生物反馈的方法对58名大学生进行测试。结果发现：（1）执行性意图组被试在观看负性和中性图片时对自身情绪唤醒度的评价均显著低于目标性意图组,在观看负性图片时其情绪唤醒度也显著低于控制组。（2）执行性意图组被试在各项生理反应指标上均显著低于目标性意图组和控制组,主要表现为形成执行性意图的个体在皮肤电导增加量、皮温降低量和指脉增加量上均显著低于形成目标性意图或不形成任何意图的个体。上述结果表明,相较于仅仅给出情绪体验下调目标的目标性意图,与表达抑制结合在一起的执行性意图能有效下调个体的负性情绪反应。     

Emotion Regulation Strategies,Secondary Traumatic Stress,and Compassion Satisfaction in Healthcare Providers

The aim of the present study is to examine the relationships between two emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression), secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction in a sample of 190 healthcare providers. Another aim of this study is to examine if the relations between emotion regulation strategies and traumatic stress symptoms are moderated by compassion satisfaction. The respondents volunteered to take part in the research and completed self-reporting measures describing the use of emotional regulation strategies, the symptoms of secondary traumatic stress, and the compassion satisfaction. The results revealed negative associations between cognitive reappraisal and secondary traumatic stress, while expressive suppression is positively associated with arousal. Moreover, cognitive reappraisal is positively related to compassion satisfaction, while secondary traumatic stress symptoms are negatively correlated with compassion satisfaction. Furthermore, the relationship between expressive suppression and intrusions is moderated by compassion satisfaction. The implications of these results for enhancing professional quality of life in the context of secondary exposure to traumatic life events are discussed.     

社会性记忆的新领域:社会性共同提取诱发遗忘

社会性共同提取诱发遗忘以提取诱发遗忘的研究范式为基础,重点关注在社会情境中说者对听者记忆的影响,是社会性记忆研究的一个新领域。基于对不同材料类型社会性共同提取诱发遗忘研究的梳理,探讨听者参与程度、说者特征及说者与听者之间的社会关系、提取时的搜索策略、情绪效价以及个体差异因素对社会性共同提取诱发遗忘产生的影响。研究表明,社会性共同提取诱发遗忘在群体中对促进群体成员记忆趋同方面的作用以及在连续社会互动中的可传递性对集体记忆的形成有重要贡献。未来研究仍需对社会性共同提取诱发遗忘的影响因素、产生机制及相关脑机制以及应用方面做进一步探索。     

How does thought suppression impact upon beliefs about uncontrollability of worry?

According to Wells’ metacognitive model of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD; [Wells, A. (1995). Meta-cognition and worry: A cognitive model of generalised anxiety disorder. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23, 301–320]), GAD patients attempt to suppress intrusions that trigger worry. Wells postulates that these attempts are rarely effective and may increase the frequency of worry triggers. These apparent failures are interpreted as evidence for loss of mental control, thereby exacerbating beliefs about worry uncontrollability. The current study tested these predictions. Sixty-two high worriers completed a naturalistic experiment comprising two sessions separated by 1 week. In Session 1, participants recorded their beliefs about worry in general, including its uncontrollability. They then selected a current worry and recorded how often it came to mind over the following week. The Suppression group (N=32) suppressed their chosen worry during the week. The Mention group (N=30) simply monitored its occurrence. In Session 2, Session 1 measures were repeated. Contrary to prediction, the Suppression group reported a significant increase in worry controllability in general. No shift was demonstrated by the Mention group. In addition, relative to the Mention group, the Suppression group reported more success at suppressing their chosen worries, spent less time thinking about them, and found them more controllable and less distressing. Findings are discussed within the context of Wells’ model.     

Gross情绪调节模型及对心理健康的影响

Gross的情绪调节理论指出,在情绪发生过程中的情绪调节主要有情景选择、情景修正、注意分配、认知改变和反应调整五个方面。其中情景选择、情景修正、注意分配、认知改变是在情绪反应趋势形成之前发生,属于先行关注情绪调节;反应调整是在情景反应形成之后发生,属于反应关注情绪调节。同时Gross还提出了两种最常用的情绪调节策略——认知重评和表达抑制,并分析了它们对心理健康的影响。