The clinical concept of analytic process: A conceptual investigation1

The authors discuss the term ‘analytic process’, confi rming the variability of the meanings ascribed to it. Although all the psychoanalysts of this and previous times acknowledge the existence of something called analytic process, as well as its importance, it has not been possible up to now to establish a consensual defi nition of it. The defi nitions are not only numberless, they also contradict one another. The possible advantages to analytic theory and practice proceeding from a uniform concept are incontrovertible. A review of the subject in the psychoanalytic literature has been performed. A conceptual study concerning the term, carried out among members of a psychoanalytic society affi liated to the IPA is presented, no consensual conceptualization for the term analytic process having been found. The subjects referred to the term as deriving from a variety of elements, some in common, but there was no agreement regarding the elements themselves. There was consensus regarding the role of the analytical relationship in the process, considered fundamental, as well as that of the extent to which the individual life experiences in that relationship defi ne the unique character acquired by the process within it.     

Being a psychoanalyst: An everyday audacity1

This paper is the work of fi ve psychoanalysts who came together as a group in order to refl ect on their work as analysts. How are we analysts to identify the unconscious resistances that may sometimes hold us back from offering psychoanalysis to some patients? Do these resistances sometimes hamper the inner freedom that we require in order to maintain a psychoanalytic focus once that process is under way? How do we manage from time to time to overcome these resistances or, better, make use of them in order to develop our understanding of the unconscious dynamics that create the link between analyst and patient? The authors discuss these issues with particular reference to clinical situations taken from classic psychoanalytic treatment cases during which the analyst had to fi nd within him‐ or herself the audacity to be a psychoanalyst. Each clinical situation is different: preliminary interviews, in the course of the actual treatment, issues that emerge in the training of candidates. One of the signifi cant features of this group lies in the fact that the participants are at different stages in their development as psychoanalysts (student, associate member, full member, training analyst). This means that their experiences complement one another and encourage a discussion of issues such as how psychoanalysis can be passed on, and the relationship between supervisor and supervisee.     

Differentiating the effects of enacted parental support on adolescent adjustment in Taiwan: Moderating role of relationship intimacy

The moderating effect of relationship intimacy on the relation between enacted parental support and adolescent adjustment was examined. Using a pretest-posttest design, we studied 213 Taiwanese parent-adolescent dyads in which the adolescents were facing a major stressful event, the final school examinations. Analyses showed a significant cross-over interaction of provided parental support and relationship intimacy on change in emotional anxiety. Parental support predicted reduced anxiety when adolescent's perceived relationship with parents was intimate, and increased anxiety when it was distant. Possible underlying mediators that account for the moderating effect are discussed.     

Relationality in Kohut's psychology of the self

In this essay, I will posit that Kohut's psychology of the self portrays relationality and that its relationality can be categorized into the explicit aspects. I will also put forth the six aspects of relationality contained in Kohut's psychology of the self as relational, dynamic, wholistic, unilateral, mutual, and doxological and they can be summarized as following: (1) Relational: Narcissism is not self-love but is a particular kind of object relationship; (2) Dynamic: The most central self is dynamic or agentic and not defined in substantival attributes; (3) Wholistic: The whole of the self is important; (4) Unilateral: In order for one's self to develop, one is in need of and at the receptive end of another's empathy; (5) Mutual: Others’ empathy is needed in maintaining the health of the developed selves; and (6) Doxological: Joy and thanksgiving are natural expression of developed selves.     

“Let Me Tell You Why!”. When Argumentation in Doctor–Patient Interaction Makes a Difference

This paper throws some light on the nature of argumentation, its use and advantages, within the setting of doctor–patient interaction. It claims that argumentation can be used by doctors to offer patients reasons that work as ontological conditions for enhancing the decision making process, as well as to preserve the institutional nature of their relationship with patients. In support of these claims, selected arguments from real-life interactions are presented in the second part of the paper, and analysed by means of a model of argumentation borrowed from classical rhetoric, and refined according to the modern orientation of the pragma-dialectic approach.     

中国当前的医疗危机与医护人员的专业责任和使命

分析了导致当前国内医患关系恶化的种种宏观与微观的因素,认为其中最重要的原因是医患关系中出现不应存在的利益冲突,最终导致医患关系出现一种诚信危机。以此为讨论起点,分析了西方国家的信托模式的七种特征,论证医患关系的本质为何是一种信托关系,并指出忠诚与守信是信托关系和医疗专业精神的核心价值。在结论中特别指出,这种认知明确了医疗专业在当前的医患危机中应该扮演的角色和担当的责任。     

医学生实习与患者就医间矛盾调和

患者就医希望得到经验丰富的医生诊治,而经验丰富的医师往往由无经验的实习医师通过以牺牲患者利益为代价成长起来的.随着医师法的实施和病人要求的提高,实习医师与患者间的利益冲突构成的这一矛盾更加突出.为化解矛盾,通过提高实习医师业务素质和道德素质,增强临床老师责任心等一系列措施,提高病人对医院满意程度,使实习医师圆满完成实习任务.     

提倡“理性医疗”

“理性医疗”是对疾病进行科学、客观地综合分析,由此筛选出一个理性的处置方案的医疗过程。“理性医疗”不但有利于社会,有利于医患双方,更符合自然科学的规律,同时,对传统的伦理学观念也是一种补充与完善。“理性医疗”的实现需要医患双方的共同协作。     

家庭处境不利儿童的社会性发展研究述评

本文就家庭视角评述国外关于处境不利儿童的社会性发展有关研究。有关文献表明,处境不利儿童的自我概念有明显的外在化特征,区分性低,较少指向未来;他们存在社会信息加工中的译码困难和归因偏向,其信息加工技能和认知控制技能都存在一定的问题,社会性情绪发展也存在诸多困难;他们的亲子依恋往往是不安全甚至矛盾类型;他们往往难以被同伴所接纳,在交往中更多地表现出适应不良性行为,其友谊质量也比较差,但自我效能、自我调节以及良好的群体特征是改善其同伴交往的重要因素;家庭的各种不利因素还会对其社会交活动中的活动能力、活动数量、活动水平和活动技能带来影响,在他们身上也更容易出现攻击、退缩以及各种过错行为和违法犯罪行为。当前,有关这些儿童的神经生理与心理学结合的研究也正在进行之中。     

亲密关系中的满意度与承诺研究综述

近些年,国外的心理学与社会学研究者对亲密关系中的满意度与承诺进行了大量的研究,并取得了一定的成果。本文重点介绍了关系中的满意度的影响因素,承诺的影响因素,满意度与承诺之间的关系,并提出未来的发展方向,旨在人们更为全面地了解其发展现状与前景。