师范生职业认同与自杀意念的关系:抑郁的中介作用及其性别差异

基于心理健康的社会学模型和社会-文化模型,本研究考察师范生职业认同与自杀意念之间的关系,以及性别的调节效应和抑郁的中介效应。被试为700名师范生,研究工具包括师范生职业认同感量表、自杀意念自评量表、流调中心用抑郁自评量表。结果表明：（1）职业认同得分、自杀意念检出率的性别差异显著;（2）职业认同与抑郁、自杀意念均呈显著的负相关,自杀意念和抑郁呈显著的正相关;（3）性别在职业认同负向预测自杀意念的关系中起到调节作用,该调节作用还部分通过抑郁这一中介变量来实现。     

Stances on Assisted Suicide by Health and Social Care Professionals Working With Older Persons in Switzerland

This qualitative study investigated the personal and professional stances of 40 health and social care professionals confronted with assisted suicide of older persons living in nursing homes or supported by social welfare or home care and support services in French-speaking Switzerland. Requests of assisted suicide triggered questions with regard to the professional mission, the quality of accompaniment, values, and ethical principles. Four types of stances emerged from the analysis performed according to the principles of the grounded theory: favorable in principle, professional compromise, personal compromise, and opposed in principle. Each stance results from the combination of several dimensions: personal or professional concordance or compatibility with assisted suicide; implication in, and impact of, the process; appreciation of the process; and satisfaction with the resources at disposal. The differentiated stances adopted by professionals depend largely on their way of interpreting their mission, deontology, and the relationship to the older person.     

An Analogue Study of the Psychological and Psychosocial Processes Associated With Post‐concussion Symptoms

This study used an analogue design to investigate post‐concussion syndrome and the psychological and psychosocial processes associated with post‐concussion symptom (PCSx) reporting. The study examined the role of expectation in reporting of PCSx, the nature of associated psychological and psychosocial difficulties, and the “good‐old‐days” phenomenon. Forty‐five healthy participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: (1) a control group or (2) an expectation group who were asked to perform as if they had experienced a mild traumatic brain injury. Fourteen psychiatric patients comprised the clinical group. Self‐report questionnaires assessing PCSx and psychological and psychosocial variables were administered. It was hypothesised that PCSx would be non‐specific, that the expectation group would report greater dysfunction than controls, and that the “good‐old‐days” phenomenon would cause the expectation and clinical groups to underestimate pre‐morbid PCSx. All participants reported some degree of dysfunction, and the expectation and clinical groups underestimated past PCSx. The expectation group reported more PCSx and psychological and psychosocial dysfunction than controls, resembling the clinical group. The results demonstrate that expectation can cause otherwise healthy individuals to resemble a clinical group in terms of their level of endorsement of psychological and psychosocial dysfunction.     

Loneliness and Suicidal Risk in Young Adults: Does Believing in a Changeable Future Help Minimize Suicidal Risk Among the Lonely?

This study examined loneliness and future orientation as predictors of suicidal risk, namely, depressive symptoms and suicide ideation, in a sample of 228 college students (54 males and 174 females). Results of regression analyses indicated that loneliness was a significant predictor of both indices of suicidal risk. The inclusion of future orientation was found to significantly augment the prediction model of both depressive symptoms and suicide ideation, even after accounting for loneliness. Noteworthy, beyond loneliness and future orientation, the Loneliness × Future Orientation interaction term was found to further augment both prediction models of suicidal risk. Consistent with the notion that future orientation is an important buffer of suicidal risk, among lonely students, those with high future orientation, compared to low future orientation, were found to report significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms and suicide ideation. Some implications of the present findings for studying both risk and protective factors associated with suicidal risk in young adults are discussed.     

Impact of Economic Hardship and Financial Threat on Suicide Ideation and Confusion

The present study tested the extent to which perceived economic hardship is associated with psychological distress (suicide ideation and confusion) after controlling for personal characteristics. It also explored whether perceived financial threat (i.e., fearful anxious-uncertainty about the stability and security of one's personal financial situation) mediates the relationship between economic hardship and psychological distress outcomes. The theoretical model was tested in a sample of Canadian students (n = 211) and was validated in a community sample of employed Portuguese adults (n = 161). In both samples, the fit of the model was good. Parameter estimates indicated that greater experience of economic hardship increased with financial threat, which in turn increased with levels of suicide ideation and confusion. We discuss the practical implications of these results, such as for programs aimed at alleviating the burden of financial hardship, in our concluding remarks.     

The psychodynamics of hope in suicidal despair

For suicidal individuals, crushing hopelessness correlates more strongly than depression with suicidal intent. Ambivalence is recognized as a principal aspect of suicidality – wanting to die and wanting to be rescued at the same time. Hope is the mental state in which the desire of a positive outcome in one’s life is directed toward the future, and supports a positive resolution to psychic pain, thereby playing an important role in suicide prevention by delaying self-destructive action. This paper explores the psychodynamics of hope in suicidal distress, as it functions to support the suicidal patient’s sense of connection over abandonment and rescue over the wish to die. Three pathways that instill and support hope in suicidal patients are examined through the use of clinical examples.     

生活事件与大学生自杀意念的关系——气质性乐观的调节作用

目的在医学生中探讨气质性乐观、生活事件与自杀意念的关系。方法采用自杀意念自评量表以及乐观问卷、青少年生活事件量表对两所医学院校的800名临床医学专业学生进行调查。结果①应激事件对医学生的自杀意念水平有正向预测作用,应激事件越严重,学生的自杀意念水平越高;②气质性乐观对应激事件与自杀意念之间的关系具有调节作用。结论气质性乐观是负性生活事件与自杀意念之间的调节器。     

从“富士康事件”看员工自杀心理及其预防

最近,富士康集团发生的一系列"跳楼"事件,将这个"代工巨人"推向了舆论的风口浪尖。究竟是工作压力过大还是另有隐情?是个人原因还是企业文化的问题?再反观近几年华为、交通银行、移动公司等一系列的自杀事件,根源又是什么?本文将结合"富士康事件"从心理学角度探讨自杀者所具有的一般心理特征,并就自杀的预防提出了一些建议和对策。     

生活应激诱发大学生抑郁症状及轻生意念预警模型

用“大学生人格问卷”(UPI)和“学生生活应激量表”(SLSI)检测大学生3558例,并用回归分析和路经分析探讨其应激过程(应激源—应激反应)诱发抑郁症状及轻生意念的预警模型。结果显示,大学生生活中所承受的挫折、压力、变化和自我强加是预警抑郁症状产生的主要应激源;情绪反应、生理反应、行为反应和认知反应是预警抑郁症状产生的主要应激反应;大学生抑郁症状诱发轻生意念的预测正确率为97.0%,发生比(OR)或危险率1.86倍于非抑郁症状者,其中女生抑郁症状诱发轻生意念的危险率近2倍于无此症状者;应激源直接引起应激反应,应激反应直接诱发抑郁症状,抑郁症状直接引发轻生意念,应激源和应激反应不直接影响轻生意念,而通过诱发抑郁症状间接影响轻生意念。此预警模型为大学生危机心理鉴别干预提供了临床心理学依据和参数。     

What is Classical and Non-Classical Knowledge?

Mamardašvili’s ‘classical’ paradigm of knowledge is seen to be minimally based on extrapolations from Descartes’ classical philosophy to which Mamardašvili attributes features that rather anticipate his own post-classical ontology. The latter is oriented towards the primacy of perception as a subjective process, in which the self-conscious subject constructs the world, not as illusion, but as a ‘picture’ or ‘model’ (Wittgenstein’s Bild). By examining Mamardašvili’s definition of the ‘phenomenon’ against the␣background of Husserl’s ‘reduction’, Wittgenstein’s ‘object’ and the Freudian and post-structuralist psychoanalytic model of subjectivity, the paper arrives at the inference that Mamardašvili is essentially a post-Structuralist thinker who appropriates concepts from various critical and philosophical disciplines to construct his own multi-disciplinary theory of consciousness and perception.