Factor analysis and validation of a self-report measure of impaired fear inhibition

Difficulties with inhibiting fear have been associated with the emergence of anxiety problems and poor response to cognitive–behavioural treatment. Fear inhibition problems measured using experimental paradigms involving aversive stimuli may be inappropriate for vulnerable samples and may not capture fear inhibition problems evident in everyday life. We present the Fear Inhibition Questionnaire (FIQ), a self-report measure of fear inhibition abilities. We assess the FIQ’s factor structure across two cultures and how well it correlates with fear inhibition indices derived experimentally. Adolescent participants from Hong Kong and England completed the FIQ, with the English participants also completing a conditioning and extinction task to assess fear inhibition problems. Across both cultures, the FIQ showed a single factor structure and low FIQ scores, or worse fear inhibition problems, were associated with self-reports of heightened anxiety. Correlation of FIQ scores with experimental indices, whilst controlling for anxious symptoms, suggests that the FIQ represents a valid and unique measure of fear inhibition abilities. The FIQ might be used to assess more ecologically valid fear inhibition problems particularly amongst people who have or who are at risk of anxiety diagnoses.     

Influence of Attachment Style on Sexual Abuse Survivors' Posttraumatic Growth

This study investigated the directional relationship between adults' (N = 292) attachment styles and perceived impact of child sexual abuse with their experience of posttraumatic growth (PTG). Structural equation modeling results identified that attachment style served as a partial mediator between trauma and PTG scores, with the mediating effect contributing to 8% of the variance in the presence of PTG (p < .05; standardized coefficient = ?.31).     

Attitudes related to child sexual abuse: scale construction and explorative study among psychologists

A Child Sexual Abuse Attitude and Belief Scale was constructed and then answered by 242 child psychologists. Four CSA related attitude and belief subscales were identified through confirmatory factor analysis: (1) The Disclosure subscale reflecting favouring a disclosure at any cost; (2) The Pro-Child subscale reflecting unconditional belief in children's reports; (3) The Intuition subscale reflecting favouring an intuitive approach to CSA investigations; and (4) The Anti Criminal Justice System subscale reflecting negative attitudes towards the legal system. Beliefs that were erroneous according to empirical research were analyzed separately. The results suggest that some psychologists hold extreme attitudes and many erroneous beliefs related to CSA. Some misconceptions are common. Female participants tended to have stronger attitudes than male participants. The more training in interviewing children the participants had had, the more erroneous beliefs and stronger attitudes they had. Experience did not affect attitudes and beliefs.     

Personality and intimate partner aggression in dating relationships: the role of the "Big Five"

Although personality is shown to predict negative relationship experiences, few researchers have used a structural model of personality to study the ways that personality contributes to intimate partner aggression (IPA). This study investigates the five-factor model of personality and its associations with both the use and receipt of psychological, physical, and sexual IPA in 179 men and 301 women. Each of the five factors of personality was associated with at least one type of IPA perpetration or victimization. The dimensions of neuroticism and agreeableness were the strongest predictors of IPA particularly for women. Results are discussed in terms of why personality should be considered as a predictor for both the use and receipt of IPA, why sex differences emerged, and future research that should be conducted.     

急性冠脉综合征（ACS）使用他汀类药物越早越好

通过对急性冠脉综合征他汀治疗的循证医学证据分析,探讨他汀类药物治疗越早越好的依据,并分析血脂治疗达标现状,提高高危、极高危患者的血脂治疗达标率。汇总急性冠脉综合征的他汀治疗相关研究：MIRCAL、PROVEIT、ARMYDA等,以及他汀治疗对斑块的研究ES-TABLISH、GAIN等试验的研究结果,分析美国胆固醇教育计划中血脂目标,以及中国成人血脂异常防治指南中血脂目标值,结合目前临床血脂达标现状,用以确定高危、极高危患者使用他汀治疗的方案应越早越好。心内科以及其他科室的医生应该积极按照《指南》要求尽早使用他汀类药物。     

稳定性冠心病何时需要PCI

目前稳定性冠心病通行的治疗策略是药物治疗的同时常规作冠脉造影,如果病变严重,则尽可能地作介入治疗。但最近COURAGE试验结果的公布,证实介入治疗仅可以缓解症状,但不能改善预后。因此,我们要对PCI在稳定性冠心病中的作用和定位重新进行思考。     

腹腔肿块外科处理的临床决策

临床经常会面对诊断、来源、性质不清的腹腔内肿块。腹腔内肿块是临床常见的病症之一,大多需要外科手术。如何合理应对、妥善处置、科学决策是临床医师对本病诊治的要求和不懈追求。诊断的过程中,依靠详尽的病史、细致的体格检查、恰当的辅助检查,并进行综合的分析以及逻辑思维,做出正确的鉴别和诊断,以解决是否为腹腔内肿块;而后,尽快确定肿块的部位及性质,确定处理的方法和原则,制订详尽的手术方案和步骤。     

儿童牙病诊疗中的人文关怀

通过对儿童心理特点和引起儿童牙科畏惧症原因的分析,提出儿童牙病治疗过程中人文关怀的措施,体现在诊疗环境的改善,无痛技术的应用,患儿诊疗前、中、后的心理干预以及医务人员综合能力和素质的培养等方面,将对患儿身心健康的关爱,渗透于口腔疾病诊治的全过程。     

还原论对临床决策的影响

“看病贵”已经不仅仅是一个简单的医院职能问题了,从政治、经济、文化、社会、环境、医学、心理等各个领域,都对这个问题展开了广泛的探讨和研究,本文从哲学和医学发展史的角度,纵深剖析了还原论对医院临床决策的影响,指出当前医院的种种弊端在很大程度上是由于受到还原论的思维方式的不利影响,希望能够为临床决策的改进提供一条新的思路。     

子宫肌瘤治疗策略

目前在有些医院对子宫肌瘤的治疗有过治、滥治的趋势,亟待统一认识、规范管理、明确治疗原则。本文将围绕子宫肌瘤该不该治疗,该不该手术,该不该切除子宫进行探讨,重点介绍手术、药物、介入及物理消融术等各种方法治疗子宫肌瘤的最新进展。