The regulation of subjective well-being in cancer patients: An analysis of coping effectiveness

Abstract

The hypothesis that individual coping efforts affect subjective well-being in the face of severe chronic disease is examined with questionnaire data from N=332 cancer patients in a one-year longitudinal study. After depicting conceptual and methodological requirements for the analysis of coping effectiveness, the following five coping modes were investigated in the sample: Rumination, search for affiliation, threat minimization, search for information and search for meaning in religion. Results from a series of hierarchical regression analyses yielded findings that questioned the underlying assumption of a general uniform causal direction within coping-adjustment relationships. Threat minimization proved to be the only coping mode that obviously was “effective” in well-being regulation, that is, was revealed to be predictive of well-being changes over time and to be unaffected by prior levels of well-being. It is argued that the problem of causal directionality has to be carefully examined in future studies on coping effectiveness since interindividual differences in coping behaviors might be a consequence rather than the cause of differences in adjustment status.     

主观幸福感与文化的关系研究综述

西方研究者建立了四个文化模型来解决主观幸福感的文化普遍性和特殊性的争议。遗憾的是,现有的模型各执一端。实证研究也偏重于幸福感的文化特殊性研究。近年来,国内开始重视主观幸福感的跨文化研究,并发现了幸福感的中西差异。未来研究的重点是整合有关理论,解决文化争议,采取主位研究策略,提高实证研究的效度。     

Actual and subjective age-related differences in women's attitudes toward their bodies across the life span

The present study examined actual and subjective age-related variations in women's perceptions of their weight, sexual attractiveness, physical condition, and overall body satisfaction. To this end, 265 women between the ages of 17 and 85 years completed the Body Esteem Scale (Franzio & Shields, 1984), the subjective age scales of the Subjective Age and Gender Scale (Montepare, 1996), and the Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965). Analyses revealed that, whereas women of all ages held unfavorable attitudes toward their weight, the positivity of their perceptions of their sexual attractiveness and physical condition was curvilinearly related to their age group with middle-aged women having the most favorable images. Analyses also revealed that women's subjective age, as opposed to their actual age, was a stronger predictor of their body attitudes. Moreover, the observed relationships were independent of the effects of self-esteem, which was nevertheless strongly linked to women's body image.     

广州大学生主观幸福感研究

运用《国际大学调查》(ICS)问卷,对广州市200名大学生进行抽样调查,考察了广州市大学生的主观幸福感的基本状况,并对主观幸福感与各维度之间的相互关系作了分析。结果表明：(1)男女幸福感没有差异;(2)主观幸福感主要是由积极情感、消极情感和生活满意度决定;(3)外在准则对主观幸福感的影响是间接的;(4)个体的自我体验和主观幸福感、生活满意度、积极情感、外界准则等相关,但与外界准则的相关最大。     

信任倾向与主观参照对网上购物意向的影响

该研究对225名大学生、在职人员进行问卷调查,通过分层回归分析探讨了信任倾向与主观参照对网上购物意向的影响。结果表明:男性在职人员的信任倾向要显著大于男大学生的信任倾向,而对于女性,这种差异不显著。工作与否、性别、学历在信任倾向、主观参照以及网上购物意向上差异不显著。主观参照对网上购物意向的影响受到信任倾向的缓冲,相对于高信任倾向的人,低信任倾向人的网上购物意向更容易受到主观参照的影响。信任倾向和主观参照对网上购物意向都有显著影响,但主观参照的回归效应更大。     

线上“秀恩爱”与旁观者主观幸福感的关系:自尊的中介作用和依恋的调节作用

随着互联网技术的普及,社交网站已经成为个体日常生活的重要部分,对个体的社会发展和社会适应产生重要影响。为探讨线上“秀恩爱”与旁观者主观幸福感的关系,以及自尊和依恋在其中的作用,本研究采用问卷法对458名成人进行了调查。结果表明：（1）被动接受“秀恩爱”程度越高,个体的主观幸福感和自尊越低。（2）自尊在被动接受“秀恩爱”程度与主观幸福感之间存在中介效应,被动接受“秀恩爱”程度越高,会引发个体自尊下降,进一步降低主观幸福感。（3）依恋焦虑在被动接受“秀恩爱”程度与自尊之间有调节效应,当依恋焦虑水平较低时,被动接受“秀恩爱”程度对自尊的削弱效应较强。     

青少年友谊质量和主观幸福感的关系:一项元分析

采用元分析方法探讨了青少年友谊质量和主观幸福感的关系,通过文献检索,共纳入文献27篇（N=21283）。结果表明：（1）青少年友谊质量与主观幸福感呈中等程度正相关（r=0.28,p<0.001）;（2）友谊质量与主观幸福感的关系不受性别、文化背景、学业阶段、主观幸福感测量工具、友谊质量测量工具的调节,但受出版时间的调节。