大学生正念对主观幸福感的影响:情绪调节及心理弹性的中介作用

采用五因素正念量表(FFMQ)、情绪调节量表(ERS)、心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)、幸福感指数量表(IWB)对448名大学生进行问卷调查,以探讨正念对主观幸福感的影响机制。结果表明:(1)正念、重新评价、心理弹性、主观幸福感呈显著正相关;(2)重新评价和心理弹性的链式多重中介效应在正念与主观幸福感间起部分中介效应,一方面,正念可以通过促进心理弹性提升主观幸福感,另一方面,正念不能直接通过重新评价策略的使用提升主观幸福感,存在\"正念→重新评价→心理弹性→主观幸福感\"的路径。     

Neuropsychological Evaluation of Everyday Memory

The evaluation of everyday memory (EM) was reviewed and reconceptualized. EM has established new objectives of study and the development of new methods to reach these objectives . At the basic level, this approach has already produced important discoveries and the development of new principles about memory and functioning. At the clinical level, this new area of investigation has resulted in evaluating deficits of EM, which is defined as what daily life functions remain impaired after a deficit pathology has occurred. A type of evaluation has evolved that is oriented toward treatment and extremely useful in designing rehabilitation programs for individuals with alterations in memory.     

Effects of delta 9-THC on marijuana smoking, dose choice, and verbal report of drug liking.

The effects of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol content of marijuana on cigarette smoking, dose choice, and verbal report of drug "liking" by adult males living in a residential laboratory were investigated. Marijuana cigarettes were available during programmed intervals while subjects were engaged in recreational activities. The tetrahydrocannabinol content of the cigarettes remained constant each day, but was changed across days. Subjects provided written ratings of drug liking at the end of each day. In the first study, placebo or active (2.3% delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol) marijuana cigarettes were available for 1-, 2-, or 3-day intervals at varying times of day. The number of cigarettes smoked was unrelated to tetrahydrocannabinol content, although verbal reports of drug liking were consistently higher when marijuana cigarettes containing tetrahydrocannabinol were smoked. In a second study, a choice procedure, consisting of four 3-day blocks of 2 sample days and 1 choice day, was used. On sampling days, subjects smoked cigarettes varying in tetrahydrocannabinol content (0.0, 2.0, and 3.5%, w/w); on choice days they were allowed to choose between the two previously sampled doses. The number of cigarettes was not consistently related to tetrahydrocannabinol content. Ratings of drug liking were increased when marijuana cigarettes contained tetrahydrocannabinol, but ratings of marijuana containing 2.0% and 3.5% of the compound were similar. In contrast, subjects consistently chose the 3.5% dose over either the 0.0% or 2.0% dose. Dose choice was more sensitive to tetrahydrocannabinol content than either reports of drug liking or numbers of cigarettes smoked.     

Binary action based estimation of propensities

An observer is to make inference statements about a quantityp, called apropensity and bounded between 0 and 1, based on the observation thatp does or does not exceed a constantc. The propensityp may have an interpretation as a proportion, as a long-run relative frequency, or as a personal probability held by some subject. Applications in medicine, engineering, political science, and, most especially, human decision making are indicated. Bayes solutions for the observer are obtained based on prior distributions in the mixture of beta distribution family; these are then specialized to power-function prior distributions. Inference about logp and log odds is considered. Multiple-action problems are considered in which the focus of inference shifts to theprocess generating the propensitiesp, both in the case of a process parameter known to the subject and unknown. Empirical Bayes techniques are developed for observer inference aboutc when is known to the subject. A Bayes rule, a minimax rule and a beta-minimax rule are constructed for the subject when he is uncertain about.This research was partially supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency of the Department of Defense and was monitored by ONR under Contract No. N00014-77-C-0095. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the Office of Naval Research, or Carnegie-Mellon University.     

Life satisfaction and satisfaction in domains of life: is it a simple relationship?

This paper studies the nature of the relationship between life satisfaction and satisfaction in domains of life. The domains-of-life literature assumes that a person’s overall satisfaction with his or her life depends on his or her satisfaction in many concrete areas of life, which are classified into a few main domains of life. This paper addresses the issue of what characteristics the relationship between life satisfaction and satisfaction in domains of life has by focusing on its specification. The domains-of-life literature has commonly assumed that an additive relationship between domains satisfaction and life satisfaction does exist. This paper argues that the use of an additive relationship has substantially restricted our comprehension of the relationship; since it makes impossible to empirically address questions such as: Is life satisfaction just a weighted average of domain satisfactions? How easy is it to substitute satisfaction in one domain by satisfaction in another? Is it reasonable to expect similar additional benefits when we continuously improve satisfaction in one domain? What happens with our life satisfaction when we manage to continuously improve satisfaction in all domains? What happens with the importance of one domain when satisfaction in another domain declines? The paper argues that there could be substantial gains in the understanding of the relationship by assuming alternative specifications. At an empirical level the investigation works with four different specifications: an additive relationship, a semi-logarithm relationship, a logarithm–logarithm relationship, and a constant elasticity of substitution (CES) relationship. Using a database from Mexico, the investigation finds out that an additive specification provides – at least for Mexico – a goodness of fit similar to those of alternative specifications. However, there are some relevant issues in the relationship between domains satisfaction and overall life satisfaction that cannot be studied with an additive specification; hence, the?use of an alternative specification – in particular a CES specification – is preferable if the objective is to understand rather than to predict life satisfaction.     

How Do People Pursue Happiness?: Relating Personality, Happiness-Increasing Strategies, and Well-Being

Five hundred ethnically diverse undergraduates reported their happiness strategies – that is, activities undertaken to maintain or increase happiness. Factor analysis extracted eight general strategies: Affiliation, Partying, Mental Control, Goal Pursuit, Passive Leisure, Active Leisure, Religion, and Direct Attempts at happiness. According to multiple regression analyses, these strategies accounted for 52% of the variance in self-reported happiness and 16% over and above the variance accounted for by the Big Five personality traits. The strongest unique predictors of current happiness were Mental Control (inversely related), Direct Attempts, Affiliation, Religion, Partying, and Active Leisure. Gender differences suggest that men prefer to engage in Active Leisure and Mental Control, whereas women favor Affiliation, Goal Pursuit, Passive Leisure, and Religion. Relative to Asian and Chicano(a) students, White students preferred using high arousal strategies. Finally, mediation analyses revealed that many associations between individuals’ personality and happiness levels are to some extent mediated by the strategies they use to increase their happiness – particularly, by Affiliation, Mental Control, and Direct Attempts. The authors would like to thank Sabine French for comments on earlier drafts and Andrew Comrey, Dan Ozer, and Chandra Reynolds for their valuable statistical advice.     

青少年网络行为与社会性发展的关系研究

目的:探讨青少年网络行为与社会性发展的关系。方法:采用网络行为量表、主观幸福感量表和社交焦虑量表对692名青少年进行研究。结果:(1)青少年网络行为与主观幸福感和社交焦虑相关显著;(2)主观幸福感和社交焦虑在网络成瘾与非成瘾之间差异显著;(3)网络成瘾与非成瘾青少年主观幸福感和社交焦虑的影响因素不同;(4)影响网络成瘾与非成瘾青少年总体主观幸福感的变量不同。结论:网络行为对青少年的社会性发展有着一定程度的影响。     

体育锻炼对大学生主观幸福感的影响:人际关系困扰和自尊的中介作用

为考察影响体育锻炼与主观幸福感关系的内在机制,该研究采用体育锻炼量表、自尊量表、人际关系综合诊断量表以及Campbell主观幸福感指数量表对521名高校大学生进行调查.结果显示:(1)人际关系困扰与体育锻炼、自尊及主观幸福感呈显著负相关,体育锻炼、自尊、主观幸福感两两之间均呈显著正相关;(2)人际关系困扰和自尊在体育锻...     

大学生人际信任与主观幸福感的关系:亲社会行为与攻击行为的中介作用

为考察大学生的人际信任对主观幸福感的影响机制以及亲社会行为和攻击行为的中介作用,采用人际信任问卷、亲社会行为问卷、攻击行为问卷、幸福感指数问卷对2256名大学生进行调查。研究结果显示:(1)人际信任正向预测大学生的主观幸福感,人际信任水平越高,主观幸福感越好;(2)人际信任通过亲社会行为与攻击行为的中介作用,间接影响主观幸福感。     

按键位置对手机键盘拇指操作绩效的影响

本研究假设对于同样的手机键盘操作任务,手机各按键的位置不同,在操作绩效上存在差异。该研究实验从被试的客观操作绩效(反应时和正确率)和主观满意度评价两方面证实了该假设的成立:在保持被试自然姿势操作手机键盘的情况下,各按键在手机键盘中的位置确实对操作工效有较大影响。